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Natural cycles are evaluated during fertility treatments for different therapeutic options, like insemination (IUI), time intercourse (TI) or frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FET). Two possible protocols can be used for natural cycles, with or without hCG trigger. Usually, studies including natural cycles consider both options as equivalent, not considering the possible bias that the exogenous hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) might have. In this prospective study, Investigators aim to evaluate the differences in the hormonal profile during the ovulation when it occurs spontaneously vs triggered with a bolus of hCG.
For the pure natural cycle (PNC), ovulation will be detected by a combination of ultrasound monitoring the follicular growth and serial measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels, which is recognised to be the most accurate method of correctly identifying ovulation.
For the modified natural cycle (MNC), a bolus of rhCG 6500 IU subcutaneous (sc) will be administered when 1 dominant follicle reaches 17mm or above, after excluding previous LH surge. This is the first prospective study where the differences on the hormonal profile for ovulation will be studied.
HYPOTHESIS:
H0: The hormonal profile is not different between the PNC and the MNC H1: The hormonal profile is different between the PNC and MNC
Administration of hCG is a popular method for triggering ovulation since it may avoid the need to perform IUI or FET at weekends. However, it is an intervention compared with the detection of the spontaneous LH rise. Moreover, due to the presence of hCG receptors in the human endometrium, administration of hCG might interfere with endometrial receptivity. Previous publications evaluating pregnancy rates demonstrated that the use of hCG injection during the natural cycle reduces the pregnancy rates, in FET and IUI. It remains unclear what might be the mechanism to explain the lower pregnancy rates: a possible direct effect of hCG on the hCG receptors of the endometrium or a modification of the hormonal profile after the administration of the hCG, affecting the window of implantation (WOI).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Natural Cycle |
| ||
| Modified Natural Cycle |
|
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| human chorionic gonadotropin | Drug | once the dominant follicle reaches 17mm or above, a bolus of 6500 rhCG (Ovitrelle, Merck-Serono) will be administered subcutaneously |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in hormone levels | Small sample data will be analyzed with the use of non-parametric test like Wilcoxon test to a paired a test of difference in hormones levels of the patients represented in both cycles (PNC and MNC) (dependent samples). This test will be preferred due to non-independent interval or ratio data in addition not to meet the normality or homogeneity of variances assumptions as paired t-test. Hormonal pattern over the days (measured for some days during cycle 1 and cycle 2) will be analyzed using trend analysis (line fit). | 35 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of visits in luteal phase | Number of visits will be analyzed. The differences will be analyzed across PNC and MNC with CI. Fisher's exact test. | 17 days |
| Luteal phase length | Luteal phase length will be analyzed. The differences will be analyzed across PNC and MNC with CI. Fisher's exact test. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
healthy women with spontaneous ovulation
healthy women with spontaneous ovulation
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| LAURA MELADO, PhD | ART Fertility Clinics LLC | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ART Fertility Clinics LLC | Abu Dhabi | 60202 | United Arab Emirates |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17367920 | Background | Licht P, Fluhr H, Neuwinger J, Wallwiener D, Wildt L. Is human chorionic gonadotropin directly involved in the regulation of human implantation? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Apr 15;269(1-2):85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.09.016. Epub 2007 Feb 14. | |
| 20097333 | Background | Fatemi HM, Kyrou D, Bourgain C, Van den Abbeel E, Griesinger G, Devroey P. Cryopreserved-thawed human embryo transfer: spontaneous natural cycle is superior to human chorionic gonadotropin-induced natural cycle. Fertil Steril. 2010 Nov;94(6):2054-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.036. Epub 2010 Jan 25. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| van Belle, G. (2002). Statistical rules of thumb. New York: John Wiley | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007247 | Infertility, Female |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005831 | Genital Diseases, Female |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006063 | Chorionic Gonadotropin |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006062 | Gonadotropins |
| D036361 | Peptide Hormones |
| D006728 | Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
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serum
|
| 17 days |
| 22796236 | Background | Kyrou D, Kolibianakis EM, Fatemi HM, Grimbizis GF, Theodoridis TD, Camus M, Tournaye H, Tarlatzis BC, Devroey P. Spontaneous triggering of ovulation versus HCG administration in patients undergoing IUI: a prospective randomized study. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012 Sep;25(3):278-83. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 May 23. |
| 19248407 | Background | Connelly LM. Pilot studies. Medsurg Nurs. 2008 Dec;17(6):411-2. No abstract available. |
| 18183564 | Background | Hertzog MA. Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Res Nurs Health. 2008 Apr;31(2):180-91. doi: 10.1002/nur.20247. |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D007246 | Infertility |
| D010926 | Placental Hormones |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D011257 | Pregnancy Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |