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"Does the COVID-19 vaccination rate change according to the education, income, culture level, social mindfulness and prosociality ?"
In this study the investigators will examine the correlation of the COVID-19 vaccination rates of the cities with income, cultural level and various education levels. Furthermore, vaccination rate change with respect to social mindfulness and prosociality will be investigated also? The investigators hypothesize that a) Income & culture level is positively correlated with vaccination rate, b) If "time spent in education" increases (from illiterate, primary/mid/high school to BSc, MSc & PhD) vaccination level increases, c) if social mindfullness or prosociality increases, vaccination rate increase also? The results of this study make it easier for us to understand why anti-vaccine people are against vaccination. The results may lead to more different variables and questions being included in questionnaires to understand resistance against vaccination.
Our basic variables are vaccination rates of cities, education level distribution (illiterate, primary school, middle school, high school, bachelor's degree, master degree, doctoral degree percentages) of cities, per capita income in the city, number of movie theaters per capita in the city and internet book sales of cities in Turkey. the investigators will do this work for other countries also as new data become available.
For social mindfulness and prosociality vs. vaccination rate investigation, the investigators will use primarily Doesum et al.'s 2021 research variables: SVO (Social value orientation) and SoMi (Social Mindfulness) with WHO vaccination rate tables.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinated | COVID Vaccinated |
| |
| Non-vaccinated | COVID Non-vaccinated |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID | Biological | COVID vaccination |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Vaccination Rate | Our basic variables are vaccination rates of cities, education level distribution (illiterate, primary school, middle school, high school, bachelor's degree, master degree, doctoral degree percentages) of cities, per capita income in the city, number of movie theaters per capita in the city and internet book sales of cities in Turkey and SVO (Social value orientation) and SoMi (Social Mindfulness) in different countries with WHO vaccination rate tables. The results of this study make it easier for us to understand why anti-vaccine people are against vaccination. | 8 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Individuals over the age of 15 in Turkey 31 countries with SVO and SoMi index
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Recruiting | Ankara | Çankaya | 06230 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34426492 | Background | Van Doesum NJ, Murphy RO, Gallucci M, Aharonov-Majar E, Athenstaedt U, Au WT, Bai L, Bohm R, Bovina I, Buchan NR, Chen XP, Dumont KB, Engelmann JB, Eriksson K, Euh H, Fiedler S, Friesen J, Gachter S, Garcia C, Gonzalez R, Graf S, Growiec K, Guimond S, Hrebickova M, Immer-Bernold E, Joireman J, Karagonlar G, Kawakami K, Kiyonari T, Kou Y, Kuhlman DM, Kyrtsis AA, Lay S, Leonardelli GJ, Li NP, Li Y, Maciejovsky B, Manesi Z, Mashuri A, Mok A, Moser KS, Motak L, Netedu A, Pammi C, Platow MJ, Raczka-Winkler K, Reinders Folmer CP, Reyna C, Romano A, Shalvi S, Simao C, Stivers AW, Strimling P, Tsirbas Y, Utz S, van der Meij L, Waldzus S, Wang Y, Weber B, Weisel O, Wildschut T, Winter F, Wu J, Yong JC, Van Lange PAM. Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Aug 31;118(35):e2023846118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2023846118. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Vaccination rate in countries | View source |
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In 8 months, the investigators will calculate correlation of variables(Education, income, culture level, social mindfulness and prosociality)
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072758 | Vaccination Refusal |
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016312 | Treatment Refusal |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| D011024 |
| Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |