This study was to evaluate and compare garlic extract antibacterial effect when used as an intra-canal medicament in infected mature anterior teeth with calcium hydroxide and a mixture of calcium hydroxide and garlic, using real time PCR analysis.

Sixty-six permanent mature necrotic incisors associated with apical periodontitis in male children were selected. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=22) according to intra canal medications used; group I: Ca OH2, group II: garlic extract and group III: mixture of Ca OH2 and garlic extract. After access preparation, four microbiological samples (S) were taken using sterile absorbent paper points as follows; (S1): were taken before canal instrumentation and irrigation. (S2): after cleaning and shaping, Then, the third samples (S3) and forth samples (S4) were taken after placement of the tested intracanal medications into the corresponding canals, for 7 and 14 days respectively. Total DNA was extracted from microbiological samples and relative quantitive real time PCR reactions were done to quantify the relative gene expression levels (FC) for Streptococcus and Enterococcus faecalis species. Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Freidman's tests, followed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon singed rank tests at significance level p ≤ 0.05.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Cooperative male children with age ranging from 10 to 13 years.
2. All patients should have pulp necrosis with apical periodontitis in one or more upper incisor(s).
3. Teeth included in the study were preliminarily evaluated by preoperative periapical radiographs and should have: single canal (type I vertucci's classification) with closed apices, periapical lesions of endodontic origin with a diameter ranging from 2 to 5 mm without any previous RCT procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. immune-compromised patient or patient with complicating systemic disease.
2. Patients received antibiotic therapy within the previous 3 months.
3. Tooth having gross carious lesions, fractures or cracks involving the periodontium (un-restorable tooth).
4. Tooth with root canal calcifications or resorption

6- Tooth with periodontal pockets of more than 4 mm depth, with or without endo-perio communication either concomitant or combined.

Protocol & Conclusion

for 1 month