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A randomized, sham-controlled intervention measuring the effects of isometric exercise training (IET) on blood pressure and cardiac autonomics.
IET has been proven effective in a plethora of randomized trials, but very little research has employed a sham-controlled design. This researched involved the recruitment of 30 participants who completed a 4 week IET intervention, sham control of the IET intervention, or a non-intervention control period. Pre and post blood pressure and cardiac autonomic measures were acquired and analysed.
The hypothesis of this trial was a significant effect of IET on blood pressure, with no such effects following the sham control or normal control interventions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| IET | Experimental | Participants allocated to this arm performed 4 weeks of isometric wall squat exercise training, 3 times per week. |
|
| Sham | Sham Comparator | Participants allocated to this arm performed 4 weeks of isometric wall squat training, but the training prescription was intentionally provided at an insufficient intensity to achieve any physiology stimulus. |
|
| No intervention control | No Intervention | Participants allocated to this arm did not perform any exercise and were required to maintain usual daily habits. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isometric exercise training | Other | A form of exercise involving static contraction against a wall, sustained for 2 minutes x4 sets per session. 3 sessions a week were required. The intensity was designed to achieve 95% of the participants maximum heart rate. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean BP) | Resting office blood pressure measured at brachial artery | At the start of the intervention (pre 4 week intervention) |
| Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean BP) | Resting office blood pressure measured at brachial artery | At the end of the intervention (post 4 weeks) |
| Cardiac autonomics measured at HRV | LF and HF power spectral measures | At the start of the intervention (pre 4 week intervention) |
| Cardiac autonomics measured at HRV | LF and HF power spectral measures | At the end of the intervention (post 4 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| continuous 5-minute blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean BP) | 5 minute mean of resting blood pressure measured beat-to-beat | At the start of the intervention (pre 4 week intervention) |
| continuous 5-minute blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean BP) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canterbury Christ Church University | Canterbury | Kent | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35083878 | Derived | Decaux A, Edwards JJ, Swift HT, Hurst P, Hopkins J, Wiles JD, O'Driscoll JM. Blood pressure and cardiac autonomic adaptations to isometric exercise training: A randomized sham-controlled study. Physiol Rep. 2022 Jan;10(2):e15112. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15112. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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Participants in the sham intervention group were not aware they they were not performing the IET intervention.
5 minute mean of resting blood pressure measured beat-to-beat |
| At the end of the intervention (post 4 weeks) |