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The study aims to examine the effect of a New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) supplement on markers of muscle damage and recovery following strenuous resistance exercise. The investigation will compare responses between an experimental (NZBC capsule, 300 mg/day) and placebo (PLA capsule, 300 mg sugar) group. Participants will attend a screening session where they will consent to the study, complete a pre-activity medical questionnaire and have their height, weight and resting blood pressure measured. If the participants meet the inclusion criteria they will perform a familarisation session on the muscle strength assessment. Participants will be randomized to NZBC or placebo groups, and consume one capsule in the morning (between 6-10 am) for 12 days. This is a double-blinded study, which means that the participant and the study team will not know which group the participants are assigned to until the study is over. On day 8 participants will perform a strenuous bout of upper body resistance exercise on the isokinetic dynamometer (exercise device). Muscle strength and soreness, arm circumference, and elbow range of motion will be measured, and a fasted blood sample will be collected, before and 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours after the muscle fatigue protocol (on days 9, 10, 11 & 12). A marker of muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK] concentration) will be measured in the blood samples. Participants will also be asked to complete a 6-day dietary record, beginning on day 7 and ending on the final day of testing (day 12).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand blackcurrants (NZBC) | Experimental | 1 NZBC capsule (containing 300 mg active cassis containing 105 mg of anthocyanins, i.e. 35-50 % delphinidin-3-rutinoside, 5-20 % delphinidin-3-glucoside, 30-45 % cyanidin-3-rutinoside, 3-10 % cyanidin-3-glucoside), consumed in the morning, for 12 days. |
|
| Placebo (PLA) | Placebo Comparator | 1 placebo capsule (containing 300 mg microcrystalline cellulose M102), consumed in the morning, for 12 days. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand blackcurrants (NZBC) | Dietary Supplement | NZBC capsules containing anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in creatine kinase (CK) concentration at 72 hours post-exercise | Serum biomarker for muscle damage | At baseline (pre-exercise) and 72 hours post-exercise. |
| Change from baseline in creatine kinase (CK) concentration at 96 hours post-exercise | Serum biomarker for muscle damage | At baseline (pre-exercise) and 96 hours post-exercise.. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) from baseline to 96 hours post-exercise | Muscle function measure; maximal voluntary isometric contraction (torque, Nm) performed on isokinetic dynamometer | At baseline (pre-exercise) and post-exercise time points (at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively). |
| Change in rating of Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS) from baseline to 96 hours post-exercise |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie EA Hunt, PhD | University of Surrey | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surrey Human Performance Institute | Guildford | Surrey | GU2 7AD | United Kingdom |
Will provide basic data spreadsheet upon request.
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Randomised, parallel design.
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Coded, capsules
| Placebo (PLA) | Dietary Supplement | Placebo capsules containing microcrystalline cellulose |
|
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Self-reported perception of muscle soreness using a visual analogue scale (VAS), from 'no soreness' [0 mm] on the left anchor point to 'extremely sore' [100 mm] on the right |
| At baseline (pre-exercise) and post-exercise time points (at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively). |
| Change in joint range of motion (ROM) from baseline to 96 hours post-exercise | Elbow ROM measured using a goniometer | At baseline (pre-exercise) and post-exercise time points (at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively). |
| Change in mid arm circumference (MAC) from baseline to 96 hours post-exercise | Mid-upper arm circumference measured at the midpoint of the distance from the acromion process (acromiale) to the olecranon process (radiale). | At baseline (pre-exercise) and post-exercise time points (at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively). |