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Investigators hypothesized that the use of blend aromatherapy and gum chewing before surgery would reduce preoperative anxiety as assessed by the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire and provide non pharmacological methods to decrease postoperative sore throat, postoperative nausea & vomiting and postoperative pain.
A written informed consent will be taken from the patients.patients will be assigned randomly to three groups (30 subjects each) either with preoperative aromatherapy (Group A) or gum chewing (Group G) or control group (Group C) to assess the preoperative anxiety and postoperative sore throat, nausea & vomiting and pain control between the three studied groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aromatherapy | Experimental | Designated blend aromatherapy (ginger & lavender) and patient will be asked to inhale deeply and simulate like chewing gum for 5 minutes. |
|
| Gum Chewing | Experimental | Patients will chew gum (sugar free) and inhale deeply with inert gauze for 5 minutes. |
|
| Placebo | Other | Patient will simulate like chewing gum and inhale deeply with inert gauze for 5 minutes. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aromatherapy | Other | Three drops of the designated blend aromatherapy (ginger & lavender) will be placed on a 2-inch by 2-inch impermeable, backed gauze pad and patient will be asked to inhale deeply and simulate like chewing gum for 5 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Preoperative anxiety scale assessed by STAI questionnaire | The STAI takes less than 5 minutes to complete and can be scored in less than 2 minutes. There are 20 questions (I feel calm, secure, tense, strained, at ease, upset, am presently worrying over possible misfortunes, satisfied, frightened, uncomfortable, self-confident, nervous, jittery, indecisive, relaxed, content, worried, confused, steady and pleasant) where people rate their anxiety from one (not at all) to four (very much so), and scores range from 20 to 80. For example, low anxiety is 20 to 37, moderate anxiety is 38 to 44, and high anxiety is 45 to 80. Assessment will be done at two times; first time (before study intervention)15 minutes preoperatively in the holding area as a baseline with recoding systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. Second time; (after study intervention) in the operating room before induction of anesthesia | Preoperative 15 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative sore throat (POST) score | On arrival in the post anesthesia care unit, the patient is immediately evaluated for the presence of postoperative sore throat (POST); time 0 hour using a standardized scale. The severity of POST is graded on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3; 0 being no sore throat, 1 being mild discomfort (complains only with questioning), 2 being moderate sore throat (complains on their own), and 3 being severe sore throat (change in voice, hoarseness, and throat pain). Evaluations will be recorded at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Patients with score ≥2; will be given dexamethasone 4 mg and parecoxib 40 mg. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Omar Soliman, MD | Omar makram | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assiut university hospital | Asyut | Assuit | Assuit universi | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29624026 | Result | Stamenkovic DM, Rancic NK, Latas MB, Neskovic V, Rondovic GM, Wu JD, Cattano D. Preoperative anxiety and implications on postoperative recovery: what can we do to change our history. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018 Nov;84(11):1307-1317. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12520-X. Epub 2018 Apr 5. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019341 | Aromatherapy |
| D002638 | Chewing Gum |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D008517 | Phytotherapy |
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| Gum Chewing | Other | Patients will chew gum (sugar free) and inhale deeply with inert gauze for 5 minutes. |
|
| Controlled | Other | Patients will inhale deeply with inert gauze and simulate like chewing gum for 5 minutes. |
|
| Postoperative 24 hour |
| Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) score | The post anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses will assess and document postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) using a Verbal Descriptive Scale, which correlates to visual analog nausea scores, with an objective measure of severity: 0 = no PONV: patient reports no nausea and has had no emesis episodes; 1 = mild PONV: patient reports nausea but declines antiemetic treatment; 2 = moderate PONV: patient reports nausea and accepts antiemetic treatment; and 3 = severe PONV: nausea with any emesis episode (retching or vomiting). The score will be obtained at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after PACU arrival. In the PACU, ondansetron 4 mg IV will be given for score ≥2. | Postoperative 24 hour |
| D026421 |
| Sensory Art Therapies |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D053149 | Plant Gums |
| D001704 | Biopolymers |
| D011108 | Polymers |
| D046911 | Macromolecular Substances |
| D011134 | Polysaccharides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D053147 | Plant Exudates |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D002182 | Candy |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |