Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study was planned to investigate the effect of chewing gum in the preoperative period on patients' sore throat and anxiety levels.
Postoperative sore throat is a common complaint (1,2). It is reported in the literature that there are various pharmacological methods to reduce this condition, such as the use of nebula, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or lidocaine. However, these methods have various advantages and disadvantages (3,4). Chewing gum, one of the non-pharmacological methods may be safer for the patient. Chewing gum increases salivary gland secretion and provides lubrication of the oral cavity (5). For this reason, it was thought that chewing gum before surgery could reduce throat pain after using a laryngeal mask due to the effect it provides. It has been determined that there are few experimental studies on the subject in the literature (6,7).
The presence of preoperative anxiety may lead to an increase in the need for intraoperative anesthesia and analgesic consumption in the postoperative period (8,9). However, it may cause a decrease in patient satisfaction and prolong the recovery process in the postoperative period (8,9). Pharmacological approaches can be applied to address this concern. However, non-pharmacological approaches may be safer for patients. Chewing gum during this process can also reduce patients' anxiety levels. A sufficient number of studies on the subject could not be found (10).
The study will conduct as a prospective randomized controlled trial. After obtaining verbal and written consent from the patients before and after the surgery, the study will conduct with various data collection forms.
These forms are; patient Identification form, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients will randomize. The chewing gum group in group- I (n=46), and group II (n=46) will be the control group. We have two stage.In first stage; anxiety levels will be measured for both group. In second stage; throat pain will evaluated at 2.-4.-6. hours.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chewing Gum | Experimental | Before the surgery, the patient will chew gum for 2 minutes and routine nursing care will be applied. Anxiety level will be evaluated before and after chewing gum. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Anxiety level will be evaluated before and after routine nursing care. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chewing Gum | Other | The patient will be asked to chew gum before the surgery during the 2 minutes. Anxiety level will evaluated before and after chewing gum. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from preoperative anxiety level in a 2 minutes | In this section, the anxiety level will decrease or disappear. This status will evaluate with Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). APAIS consists of two scales, including a four-item anxiety scale and two-items information requirement. Items are rated on a Likert scale from 1 ("not at all worried") to 5 ("very worried"). The score ranges for the anxiety subscale and the information need subscale are 4-20 and 2-10, respectively. High scores are associated with higher levels of anxiety and need for information. Cronbach's α coefficients for the anxiety subscale and the information need subscale were 0.86 and 0.68, respectively (Moerman et al.1996). Çetinkaya et al. The validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of APAIS was verified in 2019. Cronbach's α coefficients of the APAIS anxiety and information need subscales were 0.897 and 0.786, respectively | After chewing gum for 2 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from postoperative throat pain level at 2., 4., 6. hours | In this section, the degree of postoperative throat pain level will decrease or disappear. This status will evaluate with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). VAS is a horizontal line with a length of 10 cm. According to VAS, 0 is the lowest level and 10 is the highest level. | Time frame: Postoperative time at 2., 4., 6., hours |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Using cigarette
Patients will undergo breast surgery
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Neslihan Ilkaz, PhD | Ankara Medipol University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara Medipol University | Ankara | Keçiören | Turkey (Türkiye) | |||
| Neslihan Ilkaz |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30662125 | Background | Segaran S, Bacthavasalame AT, Venkatesh RR, Zachariah M, George SK, Kandasamy R. Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine with Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate on the Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat. Anesth Essays Res. 2018 Oct-Dec;12(4):885-890. doi: 10.4103/aer.AER_148_18. | |
| 16434761 | Background | Miller DM, Camporota L. Advantages of ProSeal and SLIPA airways over tracheal tubes for gynecological laparoscopies. Can J Anaesth. 2006 Feb;53(2):188-93. doi: 10.1007/BF03021826. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010612 | Pharyngitis |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D010608 | Pharyngeal Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002638 | Chewing Gum |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053149 | Plant Gums |
| D001704 | Biopolymers |
| D011108 | Polymers |
| D046911 | Macromolecular Substances |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Ankara |
| Keçiören |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| 32776966 | Background | Yu J, Ren L, Min S, Yang Y, Lv F. Nebulized pharmacological agents for preventing postoperative sore throat: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Aug 10;15(8):e0237174. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237174. eCollection 2020. |
| 33886521 | Background | Wang G, Qi Y, Wu L, Jiang G. Comparative Efficacy of 6 Topical Pharmacological Agents for Preventive Interventions of Postoperative Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2021 Jul 1;133(1):58-67. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005521. |
| 25744362 | Background | Hashiba T, Takeuchi K, Shimazaki Y, Takeshita T, Yamashita Y. Chewing xylitol gum improves self-rated and objective indicators of oral health status under conditions interrupting regular oral hygiene. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2015 Jan;235(1):39-46. doi: 10.1620/tjem.235.39. |
| Background | 6. Abdelgalil, A. S., Abdelrahman, A. S., & Hassan, M. E. (2023). Preoperative gum chewing for different durations to prevent postoperative sore throat after endotracheal intubation: A randomized controlled trial. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 101216. |
| 31280554 | Background | Zemla AJ, Nowicka-Sauer K, Jarmoszewicz K, Wera K, Batkiewicz S, Pietrzykowska M. Measures of preoperative anxiety. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2019;51(1):64-69. doi: 10.5603/AIT.2019.0013. |
| 29624026 | Background | Stamenkovic DM, Rancic NK, Latas MB, Neskovic V, Rondovic GM, Wu JD, Cattano D. Preoperative anxiety and implications on postoperative recovery: what can we do to change our history. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018 Nov;84(11):1307-1317. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12520-X. Epub 2018 Apr 5. |
| 35264684 | Background | Bang YJ, Lee JH, Kim CS, Lee YY, Min JJ. Anxiolytic effects of chewing gum during preoperative fasting and patient-centered outcome in female patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery: randomized controlled study. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 9;12(1):4165. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07942-6. |
| D012140 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D011134 |
| Polysaccharides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D053147 | Plant Exudates |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D002182 | Candy |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |