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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa | OTHER |
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The upper extremity in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) has become a more popular research topic in recent years, with the increase in studies reporting widespread involvement. The aim of our study was to evaluate the upper extremity from multiple perspectives in early stage pwMS, to identify problems by comparing them with healthy individuals, and to examine the relationship of problems with activity and participation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Sclerosis | Individuals with early-stage multiple sclerosis | ||
| Healthy Volunteers | Healthy volunteers of similar age and sex as individuals with multiple sclerosis |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nine Hole Peg Test | To assess upper extremity function. Completing the test in a short time (seconds) indicates better upper extremity function. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test | To assess upper extremity function. Completing the test in a short time (seconds) indicates better upper extremity function. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| ABILHAND | To assess for performance of activity. Score range 0-46 point, higher scores mean a better outcome. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Motor Activity Log-28 | To assess for performance of activity. Score range 0-5 point, a high score indicates good upper extremity use frequency and quality of movement during activity. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Community Integration Questionnaire | To assess participation. The total score ranges from 0-29, and the higher the score, the higher the individual's participation in society is considered. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hand Held Dynamometer | To assess upper extremity muscle strength. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Hand Dynamometer | To assess grip strength. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Individuals with MS who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study.
Volunteer healthy individuals of similar age and sex with individuals with MS.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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| baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Pinchmeter | To assess pinch strength. Higher scores indicate better muscle strength. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Tuning fork | To assess deep sense. A higher score indicates better sensitivity. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Aesthesiometer | To assess two-point discrimination. A higher score indicates worse sensitivity. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Fatigue Severity Scale | To assess the severity of fatigue. Score range 1-7 point, a higher score indicates more severe fatigue. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test | To assess cognitive level. A higher score indicates better cognitive level. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | To assess anxiety and depression. The total score ranges from 0 to 21 for each of the two subscales. A higher score indicates more severe anxiety and depression. | baseline (on the predetermined assessment day) |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |