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The purposes of this study is to investigate the relationship between upper extremity muscle function and shoulder position sense in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and which best projects the disability status.
Upper extremity dysfunction is considered to be the main cause of the loss performance of activities of daily living and this problem was include all motor and somatosensory components of function. Any failure in each of these components will likely create an impairment in the normal function.
One of the most important components of the somatosensory system is joint position sense, a sub-modality of proprioception. Position sense disorders are seen from the early stages of the disease and upper extremity function problems is experienced depending on position sense disorders in patients with MS.
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is one of the most commonly outcome measures in evaluating the level of disability in MS population. Because EDSS scale emphasis on ambulation, so it is insensitive to upper extremity function. But the ability to use walking aids (e.g., canes, walkers, wheelchairs, etc.) may be affected by the UE impairment so shoulder position sense.
When literature is examined, there is no study which examines the relationship between upper extremity muscle function and shoulder position sense in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and which best projects the disability status. For all these reasons, we think that shoulder position sense is changed both dominant and non-dominant side during flexion and abduction movements in mild-moderate MS patients and that these deficits are correlated with upper extremity function and disability level.
This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between upper extremity muscle function and shoulder position sense in patients with MS and which best projects the disability status.
21 PwMS and 20 healthy volunteers with matching ages and genders were included the study. A neurologic examination was performed using the EDSS by a neurologist.
Upper extremity function was evaluated with 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT). Shoulder position sense was evaluated with Dualer IQTM digital inclinometer (J-TECH medical, Salt Lake City, UK, USA).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Sclerosis | Experimental | Patients with confirmed diagnosis of clinically definite MS and physician-administered EDSS range of 1-3.5. |
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| Healthy individuals | Other | 20 healthy volunteers with matching ages and genders. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper extremity function | Other | Upper extremity function was evaluated with 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT). The 9-HPT is a brief, standardized, quantitative test of upper extremity function. It consists of moving nine pegs into one of the nine holes on a peg board, then back into an open box. Both the dominant and non-dominant hands are tested twice. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Upper extremity function | Upper extremity function was evaluated with the 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT). It consists of moving nine pegs into one of the nine holes on a peg board, then back into an open box. A stopwatch was used for the measurements and the scores were recorded in seconds (s). | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Shoulder position sense | Shoulder position sense was evaluated with a Dualer IQTM digital inclinometer (J-TECH medical, Salt Lake City, UT, USA).The absolute error scores (in degrees) for shoulder abduction and flexion at 30° and 60° was calculated. The difference between the target angle and the observed angle was calculated and the absolute error score was recorded by taking the average of 3 trials. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Health Sciences,Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation | Ankara | Esenboğa | 06970 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31393220 | Derived | Unluer NO, Ozkan T, Yasa ME, Ates Y, Anlar O. An investigation of upper extremity function in patients with multiple sclerosis, and its relation with shoulder position sense and disability level. Somatosens Mot Res. 2019 Sep;36(3):189-194. doi: 10.1080/08990220.2019.1644998. Epub 2019 Aug 8. |
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| Shoulder position sense | Other | Shoulder position sense was evaluated with a Dualer IQTM digital inclinometer (J-TECH medical, Salt Lake City, UT, USA). The absolute error scores (in degrees) for shoulder abduction and flexion at 30° and 60° was calculated. The upper extremity of the participant was positioned with the arm in the scapular plane for the abduction movement and in the sagittal plane for the flexion movement. After returning to the starting position, participants attempted to repeat the previously attained angle. Participants indicated verbally when they felt they had reached the angle and held their position. The measurement was repeated 2 more times for a total of 3 trials for each limb (non-dominant and dominant), with a 30-second rest period separating trials. |
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| 1 month |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
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