patients with multiple sclerosis

healthy volunteers

The Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test was used to evaluate the upper extremity function of the participants in single and dual task conditions, and the Dual Task Questionnaire was used to evaluate the difficulties experienced during dual tasks. In the dual-task turning test, in addition to the single-task turning test, they were given a cognitive task, the task of counting the months of the year backwards from December to January. The dual-task turning test was continued by changing hands at the end of each turn until the last disk was turned. Meanwhile, verbal fluency and hand errors made while spinning the disc were recorded.

Upper Extremity Function Evaluation. The Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test basically consists of two subtests, the placement and translation test.

Completing the test faster indicates better dexterity.

Dual Task Difficulty Evaluation. The survey consists of 10 items and is scored out of 5 points per question.

A higher total score indicates worse dual task performance.

Hand Preference Evaluation. The total scoring is between 100 and -100, individuals with more than 40 points are given right hand; Individuals in this score range from 40 to -40 inclusive are recorded as those who use both hands actively, and individuals with scores of -40 points and below are recorded as left-handed.

Disability Status Evaluation. A score of 0 on the scale indicates normal neurological status, while a score of 10 means MS-related death.

Cognitive Status Evaluation. BICAMS comprises three tests, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the learning trials of the California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II), and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R).

Emotional Status Evaluation. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 0 and the highest score is 63. According to the resulting total score; It results in absence-mild, mild-moderate, moderate-severe or severe.