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An immersive virtual reality (VR) tour of the operating theater before surgery could reduce preoperative anxiety. The aims of this study were to analyze whether a preoperative virtual reality tour shows a reduction in anxiety in children and an increase in parental satisfaction.
Children who will undergo surgery for the first time and their families were randomly allocated into the control or VR group. The control group received conventional education regarding the perioperative process of surgery. The VR group watched a 1.5-minute VR video showing the operating theater and explaining the perioperative process. The main finding was preoperative anxiety evaluated using the Children's State Anxiety (CSA) before surgery. Secondary findings included children's postoperative pain ratings using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and parental satisfaction scores using PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Group | Experimental | The virtual reality group watched a 1.5-minute VR video showing the operating theater and explaining the perioperative process. After the surgery, this group watched cartoons during the first standard nursing procedures after the effect of the anesthesia wore off. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | The control group received conventional care and education regarding the perioperative process of surgery. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality | Device | Immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theatre before surgery and distraction methods both using VR headset |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Preoperative anxiety assessed by the Children's State Anxiety (CAM-S) | The CAM-S scale is drawn to resemble a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom and horizontal lines at intervals going up to the top. Children are instructed to "Pretend that all of your worried or nervous feelings are in the bulb or bottom part of the thermometer. If you are a little bit worried or nervous, the feelings might come up in the thermometer just a little bit. If you are very, very worried or nervous, the feelings might go all the way to the top. Put a line on the thermometer showing how much worry or nervousness you feel. Min score : 0 & Max score : 10 | This is measured right before the child goes into operating theatre / separating from his/her parents. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Pain assessed by the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale | The scale is used around the world with people ages 3 and older. Min score : 0 & Max score : 5 | This is measured immediately after the surgery. |
| Parental Satisfaction assessed by PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University | Bolu | 14030 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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Parents answered the following scale questions by indicating how satisfied they are with the services provided to them and their children. Min score : 0 & Max score : 100 |
| This is measured immediately after the intervention. |
| Postoperative anxiety assessed by the Children's State Anxiety (CAM-S) | The CAM-S scale is drawn to resemble a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom and horizontal lines at intervals going up to the top. Children are instructed to "Pretend that all of your worried or nervous feelings are in the bulb or bottom part of the thermometer. If you are a little bit worried or nervous, the feelings might come up in the thermometer just a little bit. If you are very, very worried or nervous, the feelings might go all the way to the top. Put a line on the thermometer showing how much worry or nervousness you feel. Min score : 0 & Max score : 10 | This is measured immediately after the surgery. |
| D001519 | Behavior |