Funding diverted to expansion of programme and PACE-It App

PACE-It study is a non-blinded, mix-method randomized controlled trial within a single site. This study aims to test the feasibility of implementing a complex intervention comprising of a) a Primary Care Based integrated community care team delivery of person centered care, b) supported by a care co-ordination platform using a mobile application and its effectiveness in improving the glycemic control of patients living with Diabetes and have complex needs.

PACE-It study aims to test the feasibility of implementing a complex intervention comprising of a) a Primary Care Based Community Care Team delivery of person centered care b) supported by a care co-ordination platform using a mobile application and its effectiveness in improving the glycemic control of patients living with Diabetes and complex needs.

This is a non-blinded, mix-method randomised controlled trial within the Marine Parade Community. The primary outcome will be glycemic control measure by the Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes include blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, Patient Activation Measure, Medication Adherence and Quality of Life. Data on patient and provider satisfaction and implementation process will be collected by the Qualitative method.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Living within the designated geographical zone

• 50 years and above

• Satisfy the Medical Criteria below:

  1. Diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 9% (within past 6 months), and

  2. At least 1 complication

     1. chronic kidney impairment stage 3 and above, or diabetes overt nephropathy,
     2. ischaemic heart disease, or congestive cardiac failure,
     3. peripheral arterial disease, or diabetes foot/ diabetes foot-related complications,
     4. diabetic retinopathy/ treatment for retinopathy, and
     5. stroke, or transient ischaemic attack

• Satisfy at least 2 conditions in the psycho-social, functional or activation domain of which 1 criteria must be from the psycho-social domain:

  1. Psycho-social issues

     a. Lack of care giver support i. No care-giver (when indicated) ii. Care-giver skills gap/ stress iii. Inability of copy when patient is the care-giver b. Difficult relationships (family/ workplace/ social network) c. Social isolation/ lack of social connectivity i. Lives alone ii. Lack of social network support d. Financial i. Financial difficulty/ insecurity ii. Housing/ shelter issues iii. Poor money management

  2. Functional

     1. Clinical Frailty Score ≥ 4, requiring help in instrumental activities of daily living (iADL)
     2. Requires assistance in ADL or iADL

  3. Activation a. Lack of ability to manage health - disengaged or overwhelmed i. Anxiety or disease-related distress ii. Confusion or lack of understanding of care plans iii. Non-adherence to medications/ follow up

• Patient gives consent to participate

• For patients who may be seeing a Primary Care Physician (PCP) outside of the polyclinic for chronic disease management and where the PCP has indicated consent to co-manage the patient with the PACE-It team including the polyclinic physician

• Patient must be willing to receive care in the polyclinic

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are on follow up with Primary Care Physicians or General Practitioners elsewhere for management of their chronic conditions and they do not consent to co-managing patient with the PACE-It team
• Patients who have severe cognitive impairment, depression or psychiatric conditions that interfere with the ability to engage with the healthcare team
• Patients who are (i) not community ambulant or (ii) bed bound
• Patients with terminal illness
• Patients who have are in other programs or research studies
• Patients who do not give consent