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This is a prospective observational pilot study investigating if peripheral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (pFTOE) measured by five short near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (re-)applications within the first 6 hours after birth in neonates with respiratory distress differs in neonates with early onset infection and neonate without infection
Background Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables non-invasive, continuous monitoring of oxygenation and perfusion in different tissues. In several studies NIRS has been described to have the potential to detect centralisation due to perfusion heterogeneity, arterio-venous shunting and impaired autoregulation. Thus, peripheral muscle NIRS measurement has the potential to provide information at early stages of inflammation also due to infection, due to microvascular dysfunction, when other routine vital parameters are still within normal ranges.
Objectives
Primary aim To assess, if pFTOE measured by five short NIRS (re-)applications within the first 6 hours after birth differs in neonates with early onset infection and neonates without infection.
Secondary aims To assess, if cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) and cFTOE/pFTOE measured by five short NIRS (re-)applications within the first 6 hours after birth differs in neonates with early onset infection and neonates without infection. To assess, if there is a difference in pFTOE, cFTOE and cFTOE/pFTOE between term and preterm neonates.
Methods
Study population: Term and preterm neonates ≥30+0 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress and risk factors for infection admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the first day after vaginal delivery or caesarean section on the first day after birth will be eligible for this study. Inclusion criteria are signs of respiratory distress at time-point of inclusion, age <6h and decision to conduct full life support. There will be four groups consisted with term(1) and preterm(2) neonates with early onset infection and term(3) and preterm(4) neonates without.
Procedure: Patients and maternal medical history, routinely sampled laboratory results and blood culture will be documented in each neonate.
Measurement: The NIRS-measurement will take place once within 6 hours after birth. For NIRS measurements the NIRO 200NX will be used and the NIRS sensors will be applied by hand on the right forearm (pTOI) and on the left forehead (cTOI) until stable signals are obtained for approximately 30 seconds, respectively. Then the sensors will be removed for 10sec rest period. After that the sensors will be reapplied in approximately the same positions. This procedure will be repeated five times.
Level of originality As many term and preterm neonates are admitted to the NICU after birth due to respiratory distress, there is growing interest in methods enabling to recognize subtle early signs like micro-vascular dysfunction due to infection. In the present study the investigators want to evaluate in neonates with respiratory distress if peripheral muscle and cerebral FTOE measured by short reapplications with NIRS in the first hours after birth enables to recognize early microvascular dysfunction and compromised oxygenation due to infections.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preterm neonates with infection | Preterm neonates (30+0 - 36+6 weeks of gestation) with clinical and laboratory signs of early onset infection (within 72 hours after birth). | ||
| Preterm neonates without infection | Preterm neonates (30+0 - 36+6 weeks of gestation) without clinical and laboratory signs of early onset infection (within 72 hours after birth). | ||
| Term neonates with infection | Preterm neonates (30+0 - 36+6 weeks of gestation) with clinical and laboratory signs of early onset infection (within 72 hours after birth). | ||
| Term neonates without infection | Preterm neonates (30+0 - 36+6 weeks of gestation) without clinical and laboratory signs of early onset infection (within 72 hours after birth). |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pFTOE | pFTOE within 6 hours after birth | 5 minutes (duration of 5 re-applications) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| cFTOE | cFTOE and cFTOE/pFTOE within 6 hours after birth | 5 minutes (duration of 5 re-applications) |
| gestational age | term and preterm neonates |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| TOI | cTOI, pTOI | 5 minutes (duration of 5 re-applications) |
| routine monitoring data - arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) | SpO2 in percentage (%) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Term and preterm neonates ≥30+0 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress and risk factors for infection admitted to the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz after vaginal delivery or caesarean section on the first day after birth will be eligible for the study.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerhard Pichler, Prof., MD | Contact | 0043 316 385 80520 | gerhard.pichler@medunigraz.at | |
| Christina Wolfsberger, MD | Contact | 0043 316 385 81135 | christina.wolfsberger@medunigraz.at |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gerhard Pichler, Prof., MD | Medical University of Graz, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Graz | Recruiting | Graz | Styria | 8036 | Austria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42196812 | Derived | Wolfsberger CH, Schlatzer C, Suppan E, Bruckner M, Hoeller N, Schwaberger B, Pichler G. The Peripheral(-Muscle) Oxygenation and Perfusion Score (POP-Score): A New Non-Invasive Tool Associated with Elevations in C-Reactive Protein Levels in Neonates. Diagnostics (Basel). 2026 May 9;16(10):1447. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16101447. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D047928 | Premature Birth |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007752 | Obstetric Labor, Premature |
| D007744 | Obstetric Labor Complications |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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| up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| routine monitoring data - heart rate (HR) | HR im beats per minute (bpm) | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| routine monitoring data - blood pressure (RR) | RR in mmHg | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| routine monitoring data (temperature) | temperature in °C | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Laboratory parameter | C reactive protein (mg/l) - routinely sampled | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Laboratory parameter | leukocytes (per µl) - routinely sampled | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Laboratory parameter | IT-ratio - routinely sampled | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Laboratory parameter | blood cultures - routinely sampled | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Demographic data of the neonate | gestational age (weeks) | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Demographic data of the neonate | birth weight (grams) | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Demographic data of the neonate | risk factors | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Data of the neonate | diagnosis (descriptive) | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Data of the neonate | therapy (descriptive) | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| Medication | medication in appropriate dosage | up to 10 weeks (until term age - discharge) |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |