Patients receive five sessions of individualized stimulation obtained from brain image-based transcranial direct stimulation simulation. The simulator generates the electrode's location on the scalp.

Patients receive five sessions of conventional stimulation with electrodes over C3 and C4 based on the 10-20 system.

Patients receive five sessions of sham stimulation with electrodes over C3 and C4 based on the 10-20 system.

Transcranial direct current stimulation is a form of noninvasive neuromodulation that uses constant and low direct current delivered via electrodes on the scalp.

Resting motor threshold (rMT), amplitude, and latency of motor evoked potential in the first dorsal interosseous muscle are measured. These outcomes are measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor hotspot. The rMT is defined as the minimum stimulus intensity that produced a minimal motor evoked response at rest. The amplitude means peak to peak of the muscle response. The latency is defined as the time point from the onset of the stimulus to the onset of MEP.

This test is a standardized and objective measure of fine and gross motor hand function using simulated activities of daily living (ADL).