Scoring systems for use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients have been introduced and developed over the last 30 years. They allow an assessment of the severity of disease and provide an estimate of in-hospital mortality

Severity scoring systems that are commonly used in critical care settings include Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), which was developed in the 1980s for predicting mortality, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS), and Mortality Probability Model (MPM). Although these scoring systems use different variables and weights for the classification of disease severity, they commonly monitor parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, neurological state, and clinical data as these factors significantly deviate from physiological normality in the progression of critical disease. Old age and chronic disease are also captured by the scoring systems. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, which is based on organ failure over time to evaluate morbidity and multiple organ dysfunction is also used.

Inclusion Criteria:

• newly admitted patients to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit with head trauma multiple trauma craniotomy sepsis preeclampsia - eclampsia postop. for vascular surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

less than 16 years old, readmitted to the ICU during the study period as only the first admission will be considered, ICU length of stay (LOS) less than 24 h

newly admitted patients to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit at Aswan University Hospital