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The aim of the study is to compare the effects of stretching exercises & muscle energy techniques in the management of lower cross syndrome and to find the effective treatment in the lower cross syndrome management.
In 2015 the systematic review estimated that prevalence of Chronic low back pain in 24 to 39 year old individual was 4.2% and the individual between 20 to 59 was 19.6% . The genesis and perpetuation of Low back pain (LBP) has many underlying factors among which one is proposed by Janda's concept of pelvic crossed syndrome. This condition describes a pattern of tight and weak muscles around the pelvis. Marked postural deviation is seen such as increased lumber lordosis and depending on this lordosis the muscle involvement can be distinguished. The center of the gravity is slightly anterior to S1 or S2, which means pelvis position, is key to faulty or good alignment.
Various studies have been done on muscle imbalance Lower crossed syndrome (LCS) using Stretching and Muscle energy Technique (MET). Both have shown superior effects when compared to other treatment modalities/techniques. However there is paucity of literature on effectiveness of stretching and MET in management of LCS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle energy technique | Experimental | Muscle energy technique applied in the lower cross syndrome muscle pattern. |
|
| Stretching | Active Comparator | Stretching technique applied in the lower cross syndrome muscle pattern. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle energy technique | Other | Muscle energy technique for illiopsoas, rectus femoris, erector spinae & hamstrings muscles duration of contraction was 10 sec, rest interval was 5 sec, stretch duration was 30 sec, number of repetition of stretch was 5, number of set was 1, frequency per week was 3 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric pain rating scale | It was calculated through Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) in which 0 was the lowest value with no pain label and 10 was the highest value with worst possible pain label. The Subjects with respect to their pain intensity were asked to mark a level of NPRS. | 4th week |
| ROM assessment of iliopsoas | Range of motion (ROM) was taken via goniometer for iliopsoas was measured with double inclinometer. | 4th week |
| ROM assessment of rectus femoris | Range of motion (ROM) was taken via goniometer for rectus femoris was measured with double inclinometer. | 4th week |
| ROM assessment of hamstrings | Range of motion (ROM) was taken via goniometer for hamstrings was measured with double inclinometer. | 4th week |
| ROM assessment of erector spinae | Range of motion (ROM) was taken via goniometer for erector spinae was measured with double inclinometer. | 4th week |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Affan Iqbal, PhD* | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bibi Zahida Memorial Teaching Hospital NCS | Peshawar | KPK | 25000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Frank C, Page P, Lardner R. Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: the Janda approach: Human kinetics; 2009. | ||
| 19083651 | Background | Key J, Clift A, Condie F, Harley C. A model of movement dysfunction provides a classification system guiding diagnosis and therapeutic care in spinal pain and related musculoskeletal syndromes: a paradigm shift-Part 1. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2008 Jan;12(1):7-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Jun 11. | |
| Background | Kolar P. Facilitation of agonist-antagonist co-activation by reflex stimulation methods. Rehabilitation of the Spine. 2007:531-65. | ||
| Background | Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry, 5th edition: FA Davis; 2016. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C537866 | Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome type Preus |
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| Stretching | Other | Stretching exercises for illiopsoas, rectus femoris, erector spinae & hamstrings muscles duration of stretch was 15 sec, rest interval was 5 sec, number of repetition was 5, number of set was 1, frequency per week was 3 |
|
| Background | Kage MV. Effectiveness of Stretching and Strengthening Exercises in Patients with postural Low Back Pain A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2017. |
| Background | Abutaleb EE, Eldesoky MT, El Rasol SA. Effect of Muscle Energy Technique on Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Lumbar Spondylosis Patients. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering. 2015;9(8):651-5. |
| Background | Ahmed ET, Abdelkarim SS. Efficacy of muscle energy technique versus static stretching technique in increasing hamstring flexibility post burn contracture. Int J Health Rehabil Sci. 2013;2(1):22-7. |