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Individuals with stroke have balance and gait deficits. Gait training does improve balance and gait abilities, but adding perturbations may have increase these effects. The objective was to compare the effect gait training with and without perturbations on balance and gait abilities in individuals with hemiparesis due to stroke at a chronic stage.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gait training without perturbation | Active Comparator | Walking on a treadmill with the same duration as a participants of the experimental arm matched for initial gait speed. Treadmill speed did not change along the training program |
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| Gait training with perturbations | Experimental | Walking on a treadmill with perturbations produced by changes in the speed of one of the belt of the split-belt treadmill during one gait cycle. Changes in treadmill speed were applied on the paretic or non-paretic side, with and increase or a decrease of the speed of the belt in various magnitude. Perturbations were either repeated with the same characteristics or with different characteristics. Outside of perturbations, treadmill speed did not change along the training program. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait training with perturbations | Device | Changes in speed of one of the belt of the split belt treadmill during swing phase |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Balance capacities | Score at the mini-Balance Evaluation System Test (mini-BESTest). Score between 0 and 28. Higher scores associated with better balance abilities. | Within the week pre-training |
| Balance capacities | Score at the mini-Balance Evaluation System Test (mini-BESTest). Score between 0 and 28. Higher scores associated with better balance abilities. | Within the week post-training |
| Gait capacities | Self-selected and fast gait speed measured over 10 meters (10 meter walking test) | Within the week pre-training |
| Gait capacities | Self-selected and fast gait speed measured over 10 meters (10 meter walking test) | Within the week post-training |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Paretic and non-paretic maximal knee extensor strength | Measure of isometric, maximal knee extensor strength at each knee, using an instrumented dynamometer (Biodex). | Within the week pre-training |
| Paretic and non-paretic maximal knee extensor strength |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction with gait perturbation intervention | Score at the Short Feedback Questionnaire. Rating from "Not at all" to "Extremely" to 9 questions. No total score. Answers interpreted for each question. | Within the week post-training |
| Laboratory gait analysis : kinematics |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cyril Duclos, PhD | Université de Montréal - CRIR | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32552850 | Derived | Esmaeili V, Juneau A, Dyer JO, Lamontagne A, Kairy D, Bouyer L, Duclos C. Intense and unpredictable perturbations during gait training improve dynamic balance abilities in chronic hemiparetic individuals: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2020 Jun 17;17(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12984-020-00707-0. |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Dec 12, 2021 | |
| Reset | Jan 10, 2022 | |
| Release | Jun 7, 2022 | |
| Reset | Jun 30, 2022 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 12, 2021 | Jan 10, 2022 | |||
| Jun 7, 2022 |
Only the experimental intervention was offered in the second phase of the trial, to the participants who received the control intervention in the first phase
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Outcome measures pretraining were collected pre-randomization. Post-training, the assessors were masked for the arm.
| Gait training without perturbation | Device | Walking on a treadmill with steady belt speed |
|
Measure of isometric, maximal knee extensor strength at each knee, using an instrumented dynamometer (Biodex) |
| Within the week post-training |
| Balance confidence | Score at the Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC scale), between 0 and 100%, with 100% indicating better balance confidence | Within the week pre-training |
| Balance confidence | Score at the Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC scale), between 0 and 100%, with 100% indicating better balance confidence | Within the week post-training |
| Balance confidence | Score at the Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC scale), between 0 and 100%, with 100% indicating better balance confidence | 6 weeks post training |
| Community reintegration | Score at the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), between 0 and 22, with 0 indicating total reintegration. | Within the week pre-training |
| Community reintegration | Score at the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), between 0 and 22, with 0 indicating total reintegration. | Within the week post-training |
| Community reintegration | Score at the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), between 0 and 22, with 0 indicating total reintegration. | 6 weeks post training |
Lower-limb joint angles, centre of mass during gait at natural and fast speed and during gait perturbations |
| Within the week pre-training |
| Laboratory gait analysis : kinematics | Lower-limb joint angles, centre of mass during gait at natural and fast speed and during gait perturbations | Within the week post-training |
| Laboratory gait analysis : kinetics | Ground reaction forces and centre of pressure during gait at natural and fast speed and during gait perturbations | Within the week pre-training |
| Laboratory gait analysis : kinetics | Ground reaction forces and centre of pressure during gait at natural and fast speed and during gait perturbations | Within the week post-training |
| Laboratory gait analysis : electromyographic activity | EMG activity of 5 muscle groups (tibialis anterior, soleus, rectus femoris, medial hamstring, paravertebral muscles at L3) bilateraly during gait at natural and fast speed and during gait perturbations | Within the week pre-training |
| Laboratory gait analysis : electromyographic activity | EMG activity of 5 muscle groups (tibialis anterior, soleus, rectus femoris, medial hamstring, paravertebral muscles at L3) bilateraly during gait at natural and fast speed and during gait perturbations | Within the week post-training |
| Jun 30, 2022 |