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This study aims to apply a novel study methodology using high density electromyography (HDEMG) to know what are the mechanisms underlying the structural and functional changes obtained by two different training methods, commonly used, facilitating their understanding, study and subsequent application according to specific needs.
Different training methodologies have previously shown similar results in the improvement of structural or functional characteristics such as hypertrophy or strength. However, the different nature of their methods has suggested for years the possibility that different neuromuscular mechanisms could be behind these observed characteristics.
The development of a new technology, such as high-density electromyography (HDEMG), capable of studying new properties previously hidden from assessment methods, such as the speed of nerve impulse propagation or the frequency of motor unit discharge, has allowed a more thorough study of the mechanisms.
This study aims to apply this new study methodology to know what are the mechanisms underlying the changes at the structural and functional level obtained by two different training methods, commonly used, facilitating their understanding, study and subsequent application according to specific needs.
For this reason, the main hypothesis is the generation of different neuromuscular mechanisms and adaptations by executing, for 4 weeks, two different training methodologies, obtaining a dissociation between the results obtained at the structural level (hypertrophy), functional (generation of strength) and HDEMG analysis of the central and peripheral characteristics of the neuromuscular system in each of the programs studied.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speed Loss 20% Group | Experimental | The SL20% group will carry out a program based on the limitation of the speed loss, allowing to perform the exercise only until a speed loss of 20% is achieved, following a similar methodology previously published (Pareja-Blanco et al., 2017). The program will consist of a job for 4 weeks, with a frequency of 2 sessions a week. In each session, a 6-series routine with an open number of repetitions will be carried out twice, allowing as many repetitions as possible to perform until a 20% loss of execution speed is reached. The intensity of work will be 70% 1RM, resting 4 minutes between sets. As an only exercise, an elbow flexion (bicep curl) with dumbbell will be performed. |
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| Reduced Rest Time Group | Experimental | The RRT group will carry out a program based on the reduction of rest time between series, following a previously published methodology (Stragier et al., 2019). The program will consist of a job for 4 weeks, with a frequency of 2 sessions a week. In each session, a 5 series routine with progressive repetition volume (3 to 7) at 70% 1RM will be performed twice, resting 15 seconds between sets and 150 seconds between each of the 2 blocks. The exercise to be performed will be an elbow flexion (bicep curl) with dumbbell. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speed Loss 20% Strength Training | Other | Strength training based on the control of speed loss in execution. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline Mean Discharge Rate of Brachialis Biceps Motor Units at 4 weeks | The mean discharge rate of the Brachialis Biceps motor units will be evaluated using a high density electromyography device (HDEMG). For this, the signal produced during isometric contractions at different submaximal force levels (10, 30, 50, and 70%) will be recorded, using an external analog to digital signal converter Sessantaquattro (64-channel EMG amplifier; OT Bioelettronica, Turin, Italy). | Baseline and post-intervention (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Speed of propagation of Brachialis Biceps Motor Units | As a measure of evaluation of the peripheral characteristics of the neuromuscular system, the propagation speed of the action potentials produced by an HDEMG device will be evaluated. For this, the signal produced during isometric contractions at different submaximal force levels (10, 30, 50, and 70%) will be recorded, using the external analog to digital signal converter Sessantaquattro |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Recruitment will be done only among men because of the need to use a homogeneous sample due to the heterogeneity of the test itself. Previous studies have shown a greater possibility of data analysis in men when using HDEMG.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas, PhD | University of Malaga | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Science School , University of Malaga | Málaga | 29009 | Spain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Two randomly allocated parallel groups
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The assessor will not be aware of the group to which each subject has been assigned.
| Reduced Rest Time Strength Training | Other | Strength training based on a protocol that includes reduced rest times between sets. |
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| Baseline and post-intervention (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Isometric force of Brachialis Biceps using hand dynamometer | The isometric force at 0º, 45º and 90º will be evaluated during a maximum test of 5 seconds using a digital manual dynamometer. The peak force obtained will be obtained. | Baseline and post-intervention (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Isometric force of Brachialis Biceps using s-beam load cell | The isometric force at 90º will also be evaluated through an S-type load cell (Biometrics Ltd., Newport, United Kingdom). In addition, the time needed to obtain the peak force achieved will be recorded. | Baseline and post-intervention (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Muscle thickness (thickness) of the brachial biceps using ultrasound | Structural changes will be evaluated through an innocuous procedure such as ultrasound. To do this, ultrasound images will be recorded to measure the muscular and adipose thickness of the arm musculature. | Baseline and post-intervention (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Arm circumference | A variable related to structural changes such as arm circumference will also be evaluated. For this, the circumference will be recorded through a measuring tape at the average distance between the acromion and the olecranon. | Baseline and post-intervention (4 weeks after baseline) |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |