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This study evaluates different performance, physiological and neuromuscular changes after acute and chronic resistance training intervention in physically active men. The participants will train with a single exercise (full squat) and will be monitored with a linear encoder. The experiment will consist of between 3 to 6 sets between 70% to 85% of 1RM in the full squat exercise. Two main groups will form the intervention: one group will perform inter-set repetitions until there will be a 20% of velocity loss compared to the first repetition, while the second group will have a 40% of velocity loss.
The main dependent variables and instruments will be:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20% velocity loss | Experimental | This group will train with a variable number of repetitions during each set. The group will stop the set once the mean propulsive velocity will be 20% less compared to the first repetition. |
|
| 40% velocity loss | Experimental | This group will train with a variable number of repetitions during each set. The group will stop the set once the mean propulsive velocity will be 40% less compared to the first repetition. |
|
| Control group | Placebo Comparator | This group will be just tested as a control group. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute changes | Other | In a crossover design, participants will be randomized to perform on Day 1, 3 sets of repetitions (depending on each treatment group) at 70% or 1RM in the full squat exercise. 48-h later, same will be performed but in the contrary crossover arm. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Contraction time | Time between 10% to 90% on the displacement-time curve assessed with the Tensiomiograhpy | 7 weeks |
| Maximum displacement | Maximum displacement point the displacement-time curve assessed with the Tensiomiograhpy | 7 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Kinetic variables in the jump | Kinetic variables related to the force-time curve registered with the force platform during jumps | 7 weeks |
| Muscle tissue oxygen | Oxygen in the muscle tissue assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesus Gustazo Ponce, PhD | Contact | +34 658 87 41 34 | jesusgustavo.ponce@uca.es | |
| Alejandro Muรฑoz Lรณpez, PhD | Contact | 0034 699661447 | amunoz26@us.es |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alejandro Muรฑoz Lรณpez, PhD | Internship | Study Director |
| Jesus Gustavo Ponce, PhD | Professor | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26970332 | Background | Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Ribas-Serna J, Lopez-Lopez C, Mora-Custodio R, Yanez-Garcia JM, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Acute and delayed response to resistance exercise leading or not leading to muscle failure. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017 Nov;37(6):630-639. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12348. Epub 2016 Mar 11. | |
| 27038416 |
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| Chronic changes | Other | In a randomized control trial, participants will train during 6 weeks the full squat exercise, 2 days in the week (minimum between-days rest of 48h). Intensity will vary from 70% to 85 of 1RM, and training volume from 3 to 6 sets. |
|
| Familiarization | Other | Prior to any intervention, all participants will perform a familiarization of the exercise session, together with a progressive resistance test to estimate the 1 RM |
|
| 7 weeks |
| Muscle temperature | Low limb muscles temperature assessed with a termographic camera | 7 weeks |
| Mean propulsive velocity | Individual repetitions mean propulsive velocity during the full squat exercise, assessed with a linear encoder | 7 weeks |
| Amplitude (RMS) and frequency outputs | Muscle electrical activity assessed with an EMG | 7 weeks |
| Peak isometric force | Maximum force achieved during a knee extension at 120ยบ | 7 weeks |
| Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Sanchis-Moysi J, Dorado C, Mora-Custodio R, Yanez-Garcia JM, Morales-Alamo D, Perez-Suarez I, Calbet JAL, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on athletic performance, strength gains and muscle adaptations. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Jul;27(7):724-735. doi: 10.1111/sms.12678. Epub 2016 Mar 31. |
| 29944141 | Background | Moran-Navarro R, Martinez-Cava A, Sanchez-Medina L, Mora-Rodriguez R, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Pallares JG. Movement Velocity as a Measure of Level of Effort During Resistance Exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jun;33(6):1496-1504. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002017. |
| 30539090 | Background | Sanchez-Medina L, Pallares JG, Perez CE, Moran-Navarro R, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Estimation of Relative Load From Bar Velocity in the Full Back Squat Exercise. Sports Med Int Open. 2017 Mar 28;1(2):E80-E88. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-102933. eCollection 2017 Feb. German. |
| 28192832 | Background | Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Yanez-Garcia JM, Mora-Custodio R, Rodriguez-Rosell D. Velocity Loss as a Variable for Monitoring Resistance Exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2017 Mar;38(3):217-225. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-120324. Epub 2017 Feb 13. |
| 29781942 | Background | Rodriguez-Rosell D, Yanez-Garcia JM, Torres-Torrelo J, Mora-Custodio R, Marques MC, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effort Index as a Novel Variable for Monitoring the Level of Effort During Resistance Exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Aug;32(8):2139-2153. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002629. |
| 28832392 | Background | Franz A, Behringer M, Harmsen JF, Mayer C, Krauspe R, Zilkens C, Schumann M. Ischemic Preconditioning Blunts Muscle Damage Responses Induced by Eccentric Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Jan;50(1):109-115. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001406. |
| 23822158 | Background | Rusu LD, Cosma GG, Cernaianu SM, Marin MN, Rusu PF, Ciocanescu DP, Neferu FN. Tensiomyography method used for neuromuscular assessment of muscle training. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2013 Jul 3;10:67. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-10-67. |
| 30024483 | Background | Gutierrez-Vargas R, Martin-Rodriguez S, Sanchez-Urena B, Rodriguez-Montero A, Salas-Cabrera J, Gutierrez-Vargas JC, Simunic B, Rojas-Valverde D. Biochemical and Muscle Mechanical Postmarathon Changes in Hot and Humid Conditions. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Mar;34(3):847-856. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002746. |
| 28670284 | Background | Wiewelhove T, Raeder C, de Paula Simola RA, Schneider C, Doweling A, Ferrauti A. Tensiomyographic Markers Are Not Sensitive for Monitoring Muscle Fatigue in Elite Youth Athletes: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 16;8:406. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00406. eCollection 2017. |
| 30730959 | Background | Piqueras-Sanchiz F, Martin-Rodriguez S, Martinez-Aranda LM, Lopes TR, Raya-Gonzalez J, Garcia-Garcia O, Nakamura FY. Effects of moderate vs. high iso-inertial loads on power, velocity, work and hamstring contractile function after flywheel resistance exercise. PLoS One. 2019 Feb 7;14(2):e0211700. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211700. eCollection 2019. |
| 25474337 | Background | de Paula Simola RA, Harms N, Raeder C, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Assessment of neuromuscular function after different strength training protocols using tensiomyography. J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1339-48. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000768. |
| 29605838 | Background | Macgregor LJ, Hunter AM, Orizio C, Fairweather MM, Ditroilo M. Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties by Radial Displacement: The Case for Tensiomyography. Sports Med. 2018 Jul;48(7):1607-1620. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0912-6. |
| 27093538 | Background | Raeder C, Wiewelhove T, Simola RA, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Male and Female Athletes After 6 Days of Intensified Strength Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Dec;30(12):3412-3427. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001427. |
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