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The purpose of the project was to examine the fitness and health effects of participation in recreational Team Handball for untrained 20-30 year old healthy men and women.
Fitness and health effects of 12 weeks of recreational team handball in untrained adult men and women aged 20-30 years"
Adult men and women aged 20-30 years will be recruited to take part in a 12-week intervention with recreational team handball. Half of the participants are men (n=32), who are randomly assigned to a group playing recreational team handball (n=16) and an inactive control group (n=16). The women (n=40) are also divided and assigned to a group with regular participation in recreational team handball (n=20) and an inactive control group (n=20). The training sessions will be offered 2-3 times weekly for 70 minutes per session by a supervised trainer. The sessions involves an injury preventive warm-up and ball exercises for 15 minutes followed by recreational handball on small pitches such as 4 vs 4. A comprehensive testing protocol is conducted before and after the training period. The measurements includes body composition and bone mineralization, blood pressure, resting heart rate, fasting blood sugar, insulin, cholesterol and bone markers. In addition, a number of physical tests which involves fitness level (VO2max), intermittent work, muscle strength and balance will further be conducted. The testing takes place at the University of Copenhagen. The training sessions will also take place at the University of Copenhagen or in a handball club near the University. The study will be approved by the local ethical committee of Copenhagen.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active group of men | Experimental | 4 groups are randomized for 12 weeks of intervention; 2 groups are active, 2 groups are inactive: *1 group of men playing recreational handball |
|
| Active group of women | Experimental | 4 groups are randomized for 12 weeks of intervention; 2 groups are active, 2 groups are inactive: *1 group of women playing recreational handball |
|
| Inactive group of men | Experimental | 4 groups are randomized for 12 weeks of intervention; 2 groups are active, 2 groups are inactive: *1 group of men continuing their normal lifestyle patterns |
|
| Inactive group of women | Experimental | 4 groups are randomized for 12 weeks of intervention; 2 groups are active, 2 groups are inactive: *1 group of women continuing their normal lifestyle patterns |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recreational handball | Behavioral |
| ||
| Control |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| VO2max - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | VO2max (mL/kg/min) is a measure of the cardiorespiratory during a treadmill test | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fat percentage - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Measure of fat percentage (%) performed by a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan) | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Muscle mass - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Strength: Isokinetic Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Isokinetic MVC (Nm) performed in a isokinetic dynamometer | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Strength: Isometric MVC - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33206670 | Derived | Fristrup B, Krustrup P, Andersen JL, Hornstrup T, Lowenstein FT, Larsen MA, Helge JW, Povoas SCA, Aagaard P. Effects of small-sided recreational team handball training on mechanical muscle function, body composition and bone mineralization in untrained young adults-A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 18;15(11):e0241359. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241359. eCollection 2020. |
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| Behavioral |
|
Measure of muscle mass (kg) performed by a DXA scan |
| Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Mineral bone density - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Mineral bone density (g/cm2) performed by a DXA scan | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Bone mass - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Bone mass (kg) performed by a DXA scan | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
Isometric MVC (Nm) performed in a isokinetic dynamometer |
| Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Strength: Countermovement maximal jumps (CMJ) jump height - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | CMJ jump height (cm) performed on a force plate | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Strength: CMJ jump height - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | CMJ peak (W/kg) performed on a force plate | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Postural balance: Sway area - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Sway area (cm2) performed on a force plate | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Postural balance: Sway length - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Sway length (mm) performed on a force plate | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Citrate synthase (CS) activity - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for CS activity (ug/l) | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (HAD) activity - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for HAD activity (ug/l) | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Specific fibre type cross sectional area (CSA) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for specific fibre type CSA (μm2) | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Fiber type composition - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for fibre type composition (%) | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Capillaries (cap./fiber) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for cap./fibre | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |
| Capillaries (cap./mm2) - change is being assessed after 12 weeks of intervention | Muscle biopsies were taken from the male subjects and analyzed for cap./mm2 | Measured before and after 12 weeks of intervention |