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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) tended to lead to a sudden increase in intracerebral pressure (ICP), which can cause decreased cerebral perfusion and transient global cerebral ischemia. Early clipping and coiling of aneurysms and surgical evacuation of intracerebral hematoma were recommended for aSAH patients. However, the high ICP made it difficult to separate the subarachnoid space during the operation. Effective reduction of ICP was the key to the succession of the operation. But there is a lack of consensus on the management of raised ICP in aSAH. Mannitol is widely used to reduce ICP in patients with cerebral edema. The potential mechanism including decreasing the viscosity of the blood improving regional cerebral microvascular flow and oxygenation and increasing intravascular volume due to increased plasma osmolality. The magnitude of the pressure reduction was correlated with the intact intracranial automatic adjustment function. However, the hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and renal failure associated with mannitol overdose must be considered and the effective dose and the duration of its administration were still unknown. The aims of this study were to determine the most appropriate mannitol dose to provide adequate brain relaxation in aSAH patients with the fewest adverse effects.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low dose group | Experimental | 0.5g/kg of 20% mannitol administered at skin incision. |
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| Medium dose group | Experimental | 1.0g/kg of 20% mannitol administered at skin incision. |
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| High dose group | Experimental | 1.5g/kg of 20% mannitol administered at skin incision. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mannitol | Drug | When the neurosurgeon starts the skin incision, 20% mannitol administered through the venous catheter with fulldrip in 5-10 minutes. Neurosurgeons evaluate the degree of brain relaxation after dura opening in 4 point scale (1=bulging brain, 2=firm brain, 3=satisfactorily relaxed, 4=perfectly relaxed). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Brain relaxation score | The degree of brain relaxation after administration was assessed as four grades. denoting bulging or the condition that additional methods for brain relaxation are immediately and always required in order to continue the surgical procedure because of brain swelling; firm or the condition that additional methods for brain relaxation are occasionally required to continue the surgical procedure; adequate; perfectly relaxed. All patients received conventional frontotemporal pterional approach, and the time from skin incision to dural opening was constant for 30 minutes. At the time of dural opening, the degree of cerebral relaxation was evaluated, and the satisfactory cerebral relaxation was defined as 3 or 4 points. | Intraoperative |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| electrolyte change (potassium) | Check the serum laboratory result of potassium (normal range: 3.4-4.5 mmol/L) | before the infusion of mannitol and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. |
| electrolyte change (sodium) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| operation duration | Poor intracranial pressure reduction may result in prolonged duration of surgery, and evaluation of the duration of surgery is helpful in the selection of the optimal dose.Poor intracranial pressure reduction may result in prolonged duration of surgery, and evaluation of the duration of surgery is helpful in the selection of the optimal dose. | intraoperative |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shuo Wang, MD | Beijing Tiantan Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Xiaolin Chen, MD | Beijing Tiantan Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Tiantan Hospital | Beijing | Beijing Municipality | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013345 | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020300 | Intracranial Hemorrhages |
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008353 | Mannitol |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013402 | Sugar Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
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|
Check the serum laboratory result of sodium (normal range: 136-146 mmol/L)
| before the infusion of mannitol and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. |
| electrolyte change (chlorine) | Check the serum laboratory result of chlorine (normal range: 98-106 mmol/L) | before the infusion of mannitol and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. |
| electrolyte change (calcium) | Check the serum laboratory result of calcium (normal range: 1.15-1.29 mmol/L) | before the infusion of mannitol and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. |
| Subdural hematoma | Excessive decrease in intracranial pressure may lead to intraoperative or postoperative subdural hematoma formation | CT scan 6 hours after surgery |
| modified Rankin Score 3 months after surgery | To evaluate the potential benefits of effective dural lysis and brain relaxation on patient outcomes. The scale runs from 0-6, running from perfect health without symptoms to death. 0 - No symptoms. 1 - No significant disability. Able to carry out all usual activities, despite some symptoms. 2 - Slight disability. Able to look after own affairs without assistance, but unable to carry out all previous activities. 3 - Moderate disability. Requires some help, but able to walk unassisted. 4 - Moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, and unable to walk unassisted. 5 - Severe disability. Requires constant nursing care and attention, bedridden, incontinent. 6 - Dead. | 3 months after surgery |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |