Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares in Children

Clinical Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares in Children

Up to 50% of children experience nightmares annually. Nightmares interfere with sleep quality and quantity resulting in sleep deficiency, and are associated with negative mental health consequences. Previous research has shown efficacy of manualized CBT treatment for reducing trauma related nightmares in adults, and preliminary evidence has shown efficacy in children. This study is the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment for idiopathic, as well as trauma related nightmares in children. The treatment in a manualized CBT protocol (5 sessions) that teaches sleep hygiene, relaxation strategies, and addresses nightmares therapeutically through exposure and rescripting.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children must have a history of nightmares occurring approximately once or more per week over a minimum of one month.
• Children must have verbal comprehension of at least age 5 (determined by PPVT), and be fluent in English.
• If taking psychotropic medications, must be stable for one month.
• Children must have a parent or legal guardian who is able to participate in treatment assignments and be able to read and speak English.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Under age 5 or over age 17.
• No nightmares (or less than averaging one per week)
• Apparent psychosis
• Pervasive developmental disorder or mental retardation
• Not able to read and speak English.
• Sleep apnea