Whole body vibration (WBV) has been found to be useful in promoting bone health and muscle performance in older adults. To date, no study has examined the effects of different WBV frequencies on the properties of the muscle-bone unit in stroke patients. The overall aim of the proposed study is to compare the efficacy of different vibration frequencies on properties of the muscle function and bone turnover among people with chronic stroke.

It is hypothesized that the higher-vibration frequency protocol will lead to significantly better outcomes related to the bone turnover and muscle function.

Whole body vibration (WBV) has been found to be useful in promoting bone health and muscle performance in older adults. To date, no study has examined the effects of different WBV frequencies on the properties of the muscle-bone unit in stroke patients. The overall aim of the proposed study is to compare the efficacy of different vibration frequencies on properties of the muscle function and bone turnover among people with chronic stroke.

It is hypothesized that the higher-vibration frequency protocol will lead to significantly better outcomes related to the bone turnover and muscle function in people with chronic stroke.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. a diagnosis of stroke
2. stroke onset >6 months
3. >18 years of age
4. able to walk for short distance independently with or without walking aid
5. able to understand simple verbal commands

Exclusion Criteria:

1. neurological conditions other than stroke
2. significant musculoskeletal conditions (e.g. amputations)
3. metal implants in the lower extremity
4. previous fracture of the lower extremity
5. are currently taking bone resorption inhibitors or were taking the same before stroke.
6. significant peripheral vascular disease
7. vestibular disorders
8. pregnancy
9. Other serious illnesses that preclude the person from participating in the study