Over a 3-week period, the subjects in the control group received 1 hour daily of conventional upper limb training 5 times a week,including compensatory techniques for activities of daily living, UE strength, therapist-guided techniques for facilitating normal UE movement patterns,and range of motion and traditional positioning

Subjects in the whole-body vibration group received half an hour of daily conventional upper limb training, followed by whole-body vibration training for an additional half hour per day,5 days per week during a 3-week period

The subjects were exposed to alternating vertical sinusoidal vibration using a Galileo tilting table system.The frequency of WBV ranged from 5 to 20 Hz, and the amplitude ranged from 1 to 6 mm.The subjects were kneeled on the ground, both shoulders flexed at 90 degrees, elbows slightly flexed, their trunk bent in this position and contacted on the platform board with their palms equidistant from the midpoint of the board

the assessment is scored by summing item ratings and reporting the aggregate score out of 66 points,with higher scores representing a greater UE motor ability summing item ratings and reporting the aggregate score out of 66 points, with higher scores representing a greater UE motor ability

participants were timed as they completed 15 activities that progressively involved more difficult arm movements and interactions with objects such as lifting a soda can, stacking checkers, and folding a towel. We reported the average time to perform the 15 items and the evaluator rated the normalcy of these items with a 6-point ordinal scale (range,0-5) using the functional ability scale.

Surface electromyography was used to measure the integrated EMG（IEMG）of the biceps and triceps during maximum isometric voluntary contraction（MIVC）of the affected elbow flexion and extension and then the co-contraction rate（CR）was calculated