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Recently, deep neuromuscular blockade during general anesthesia has been studied by many authors regarding various effects upon patients' outcomes and surgical conditions. We believe deep neuromuscular blockade can be especially beneficial in laparoscopic surgery, because it can expand surgical space and prevent patients' minute movements that can disturb precise operations. In clinical situations, anesthetists tend to compensate the insufficiency of neuromuscular blockade by increasing the dose of other anesthetic agents, which can prolong patients' recovery time and impair the surgical condition. In this study, we plan to divide the patients into 2 groups according to the depth of neuromuscular blockade, and compare the dose of anesthetic agent used to maintain surgical condition.
Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery are going to be recruited and divided into 2 groups: Group D will receive deep neuromuscular blockade, and Group M will receive moderate neuromuscular blockade using continuous infusion of rocuronium. Acceleromyography(TOF-watch SX) will be used to monitor the depth of blockade. In both groups, the anesthesia will be maintained with TIVA(total intra-venous anesthesia) including continuous target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. During the surgery, the number of patient movement and restoration of self respiration will be recorded. At the end of anesthesia, the dose of propofol and remifentanil used will be assessed and compared between the groups. Also, the satisfaction score of surgeons regarding the surgical condition, the anesthesia time, the operation time will be documented. After the patients are discharged, their charts are going to be reviewed and whether any pulmonary or surgical complications occurred will be documented.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group D | Experimental | Deep neuromuscular blockade |
|
| Group M | Active Comparator | Moderate neuromuscular blockade |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rocuronium: PTC(Post-tetanic count) 1~2 | Drug | Deep neuromuscular blockade will be maintained using continuous infusion of rocuronium. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dosage of propofol | the amount of propofol used (mg/kg) | intraoperative (from starting of anesthesia to end of anesthesia) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dosage of remifentanil | the amount of remifentanil used (mcg/kg) | intraoperative (from starting of anesthesia to end of anesthesia) |
| Patient movement | the observed number of patient movement during the surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ah Young Oh, MD, PhD | Seoul National University Bundang Hospital | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Bundang Hospital | Seongnam-si | Gyeonggi-do | 13620 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34398011 | Derived | Nam SW, Oh AY, Koo BW, Kim BY, Han J, Chung SH. Effects of depth of neuromuscular blockade on the BIS-guided propofol requirement: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jul 23;100(29):e26576. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026576. |
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| Rocuronium: TOF(Train-of-four) 1~2 | Drug | Moderate neuromuscular blockade will be maintained using continuous infusion of rocuronium. |
|
|
| intraoperative (from tracheal intubation to injection of neuromuscular reversal agent) |
| Patient self respiration | the observed number of restoration of self breathing during the surgery (ex. EtCO2 notching) | intraoperative (from tracheal intubation to injection of neuromuscular reversal agent) |
| Surgical condition score | the 5-point satisfaction score of surgeon regarding surgical conditions | assessed at the end of the surgery |