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Flexible bronchoscopy is one of the most widely performed procedures for diagnosis of various bronchopulmonary diseases. Most patients tolerate the procedure well although cough is often reported as a distressing symptom. It is likely that the acceptance of bronchoscopy would be significantly improved with control of cough.
Topical lignocaine is administered during bronchoscopy for local anaesthesia. There is uncertainty regarding the adequate dose of lignocaine sprays for pharyngeal anaesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy. This study would help to determine the optimal dose of lignocaine sprays for pharyngeal anaesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy.
For all patients meeting the inclusion criteria, the demographic profile including age, sex, weight and the type of procedures performed during bronchoscopy shall be recorded. A written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Enrolled patients will be randomized to receive either 5 or 10 sprays of 10% lignocaine to the pharynx. This will be followed by the standard topical anesthesia procedure followed in our institution involving 5ml of 2% lignocaine gel into the nostril. Transnasal flexible bronchoscopy will be performed with additional 1% lignocaine administered as "spray as you go" method. This will be given as 2 ml aliquots- with similar volume in both groups as baseline. Procedure shall be performed with administration of sedation using Midazolam and Fentanyl if required. Primary outcome will be assessed by noting the operator rated overall procedure satisfaction as a VAS scale score.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 sprays | Active Comparator | 5 sprays of 10% lignocaine administered for topical anaesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy |
|
| 10 sprays | Experimental | 10 sprays of 10% lignocaine administered for topical anaesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 sprays of 10% lignocaine | Drug | 5 sprays of 10% lignocaine |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Operator rated overall procedure satisfaction | Visual Analogue Scale score (VAS) between 0 to 100 | At study completion at approximately 4 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Operator rated cough | Visual Analogue score (VAS) between 0 to 100 | At study completion at approximately 4 months |
| Time from bronchoscope introduction to reaching the vocal cords | Time in seconds |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karan Madan, MD DM | Contact | 00911126593488 | drkaranmadan@gmail.com | |
| Anant Mohan, MD | Contact | 00911126593006 | anantmohan@yahoo.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Randeep Guleria, MD DM | All India Institute of Medical Sciences | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIIMS | Recruiting | New Delhi | 110029 | India |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 |
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Randomized Controlled Trial
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Group allocation by opaque sealed envelopes. Participant and bronchoscopist shall be unaware of the number of sprays administered.
| 10 sprays of 10% lignocaine | Drug | 10 sprays of 10% lignocaine |
|
|
| At study completion at approximately 4 months |
| Patient willingness to return for repeat bronchoscopy | Proportion of patients willing for repeat bronchoscopy in each group | At study completion at approximately 4 months |
| Cumulative lignocaine dose | Total dose of lignocaine in milligram (mg) | At study completion at approximately 4 months |
| Complications | Proportion of patients with complications in each group | At study completion at approximately 4 months |
| AIIMS Rishikesh | Recruiting | Rishikesh | India |
|
| Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |