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Flexible bronchoscopy is a common procedure performed by pulmonary physicians. The use of topical anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation during flexible bronchoscopy varies among physicians, institutions and geographic locations across the globe. Commonly used topical anesthetic agents before and during bronchoscopy include cocaine (4%),benzocaine (20%), tetracaine (1%), and lignocaine (1%-10%). Topical lignocaine is administered through the flexible bronchoscope in an attempt to reduce excessive coughing and patient discomfort. However, the optimal dosage and strength of topical lignocaine that should be used during fibreoptic bronchoscopy has long been a topic of controversy. In this study we compare the efficacy of 1% versus 2% lignocaine in controlling cough and pain in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1% lignocaine | Experimental | Each patient included in study will be nebulized prior to flexible bronchoscopy with 2.5 ml of 4% lignocaine. This will be followed by spray of 2 puffs of 10% lignocaine over the posterior pharynx and vocal cords. Lignocaine jelly (2%) will be applied in the nasal cavity. Lignocaine (1%) 8ml will be administered as "spray as you go" technique through the bronchoscope over the vocal cords, carina, right and left main bronchus as aliquots of 2 ml each. Additional requirement of lignocaine will also be recorded for all the patients. |
|
| 2% lignocaine | Active Comparator | Each patient included in study will be nebulized prior to flexible bronchoscopy with 2.5 ml of 4% lignocaine. This will be followed by spray of 2 puffs of 10% lignocaine over the posterior pharynx and vocal cords. Lignocaine jelly (2%) will be applied in the nasal cavity. Lignocaine (2%) 8ml will be administered as "spray as you go" technique through the bronchoscope over the vocal cords, carina, right and left main bronchus as aliquots of 2 ml each. Additional requirement of lignocaine will also be recorded for all the patients. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1% lignocaine | Drug |
| ||
| 2% lignocaine |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cough suppression (by Operator and Patient) | Cough will be rated on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 (no cough) to 100 mm (worst cough ever) | 15 minutes |
| Pain control | Pain will be assessed on Wong Baker Face rating scale | 15 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchoscopy suite, PGIMER | Chandigarh | 160012 | India |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25811287 | Derived | Kaur H, Dhooria S, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Agarwal R. A Randomized Trial of 1% vs 2% Lignocaine by the Spray-as-You-Go Technique for Topical Anesthesia During Flexible Bronchoscopy. Chest. 2015 Sep;148(3):739-745. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0022. |
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|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008175 | Lung Neoplasms |
| D014376 | Tuberculosis |
| D012507 | Sarcoidosis |
| D017563 | Lung Diseases, Interstitial |
| D003371 | Cough |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012142 | Respiratory Tract Neoplasms |
| D013899 | Thoracic Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D009164 | Mycobacterium Infections |
| D000193 | Actinomycetales Infections |
| D016908 | Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections |
| D001424 | Bacterial Infections |
| D001423 | Bacterial Infections and Mycoses |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D008232 | Lymphoproliferative Disorders |
| D008206 | Lymphatic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
| D006968 | Hypersensitivity, Delayed |
| D006967 | Hypersensitivity |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
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