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The investigators will compare the success rate, the consumed time, the number of needle passing, the depth and angle of the needle, the anesthetic effect, complications, pain and patient's satisfaction between 'Real-time scan' and 'Pre-procedure scan', when we performing spinal/epidural combined anesthesia.
Traditionally, spinal/epidural combined anesthesia has been performed by palpation of the landmark like Tuffier's line. There are some studies that using ultrasound improves the success rate to regional anesthesia. There are two methods of using ultrasonography, 'Real-time scan' and 'Pre-procedure scan'. Direct comparison of these two methods is not yet studied. So investigators will compare the success rate, the consumed time, the number of needle passing, the depth and angle of the needle, the anesthetic effect, complications, pain and patient's satisfaction.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-procedure | Experimental | Confirmed landmark by ultrasound scan before procedure |
|
| Real time | Active Comparator | Confirmed landmark by ultrasound scan during procedure |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| realtime ultrasonography | Procedure | Applying realtime ultrasound during the combined anesthesia |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of needle pass | Number of needle pass | intraoperative |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tae Kyong Kim, MD, phD | Contact | +82-2-870-2519 | ktkktk@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tae Kyong Kim, Kim | SMG-SNU Boramae hospital | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11172514 | Background | Grau T, Leipold RW, Conradi R, Martin E, Motsch J. Ultrasound imaging facilitates localization of the epidural space during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;26(1):64-7. doi: 10.1053/rapm.2001.19633. No abstract available. | |
| 17350519 | Background | Kil HK, Cho JE, Kim WO, Koo BN, Han SW, Kim JY. Prepuncture ultrasound-measured distance: an accurate reflection of epidural depth in infants and small children. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Mar-Apr;32(2):102-6. doi: 10.1016/j.rapm.2006.10.005. |
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| prescan ultrasonography | Procedure | Applying realtime ultrasound before the combined anesthesia |
|