The hysteroscopy was performed in the proliferativephase of the menstrual cycle.

The patients were given generalintravenous anesthesia (propofol/fentanyl) after the vulvar and the vaginal area had been disinfected with a 7.5% Betadinesolution by the surgical nurse All operations were performed by the same surgeon to avoid possible discrepancies between different surgeons.

Astandard rigid30 hysteroscope (Karl Storz bettocchi hysteroscope) with a 30° viewing angleand an outer sheath diameter 5.5 mm, inner sheath diameter 4.3 mm and scope diameter 2.9 mmwas used in all procedures.

A speculum was introduced into the vagina, and the uterine cervixwas visualized. Initially, the surgeon attempted to passthrough the cervical canal with the tool directly. When thatwas not possible or when the cervical canal was too rigid ortoo tight, the cervix was grasped with a tenaculum.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients of reproductive age
2. have undergone a cesarean section at least once
3. an indication for diagnostic hysteroscopy for menstrualproblems or suspected intrauterine lesions (suchas uterine polyps and filling defects in the uterine cavity) by abnormal findings from hysterosalpingography,ultrasonography, or saline infusion sonography.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who delivered vaginally

2. Had undergone any other transcervical or transabdominal uterine and cervical intervention other than cesareansection, such as loop electrosurgical procedures, cervical cryotherapy, cervical biopsies, and spontaneousabortions, previous dilation, and previous electiveabortions.

3. Patients with cervical pathology,e.g. tears or polyps.

4. The patients with a contraindicationto prostaglandins such as hypersensitivity, bronchial asthma, glaucoma, severeasthma, cardiac, liver or kidney diseases.

   -

women who needs diagnostic hysteroscopy