Acute Effects of Waterpipe Smoking on Cognitive Measures and Cardiorespiratory Parameters

Acute Effects of Waterpipe Smoking on Cognitive Measures and Cardiorespiratory Parameters

Title: Acute effects of waterpipe smoking (WPS) on cognitive measures and cardiorespiratory parameters

Objectives: To evaluate the acute effect of one cession of water pipe smoking on:

1. executive functions which evaluated by cognitive tests administered included the digit span subtest Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-version III hebrew battery, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)
2. Cardiorespiratory parameters included vital signs, spirometry parameters and lung clearance index (LCI) value
3. serum carboxyhemoglobin, nicotine, and cytokines

Design: Prospective study evaluating these parameters before and after 30 minutes of water pipe smoking (WPS).

Sample size: 55 participants (35 study group, 20 control group) Participant selection: Adults subjects who regularly smoke water pipe. Intervention: Each subject will undergo evaluation including cognitive tests, Cardiorespiratory parameters, carboxy- hemoglobin levels, nicotine levels, serum cytokines levels.

All measurements will be evaluated before and after one cession of 30 minutes water pipe smoking

The effect of repeated testing 30 minutes apart without water pipe smoking (WPS) was evaluated in a group of 20 volunteers (age and sex matched).

Primary outcome parameter: Change in cognitive tests scores Secondary outcome parameter:Change in Cardiorespiratory parameters included vital signs, spirometry parameters and lung clearance index (LCI) value, serum carboxyhemoglobin, nicotine, and cytokines, before and after water pipe smoking

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy volunteers aged 18 years or older who previously experienced WPS.

Exclusion Criteria:

• pregnant or lactating women
• acute viral or bacterial illness
• oral or intravenous steroid treatment in the previous two weeks
• WPS during the previous 24 hours
• cigarette smoking during the previous 6 hours
• massive exposure to fire smoke during the previous 24 hours.