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The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate changes in gait, balance, fine motor function, and muscle tone, and (2) to find out if there is a correlation between muscle tone/presence of paratonia and motor function (gross and fine) in mild and moderate dementia.Three groups of participants were included in the study: healthy elderly (n=60), participants with mild dementia (n=31) and participants with moderate dementia (n=31). Measurements of fine motor function, balance, gait, presence of paratonia and muscle tone measurements were performed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| HC | Other | Healthy controls, i.e. older adults without cognitive impairment |
|
| MiD | Other | older adults with mild dementia |
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| MoD | Other | older adults with moderate dementia |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait accelerometry | Other | accelerometric assessment of gait (Dynaport Hybrid): 7m walk in 3 conditions (normal pace, fast, double task) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| walking speed | gait speed parameter | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| step regularity | gait parameter representing regularity, autocorrelation (method Moe-Nilssen 2004), value between 0 and 1, with 1 representing perfect regularity | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| mediolateral jerk | balance smoothness and coordination, lower jerk values correspond with better smoothness of balance | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| anteroposterior jerk | balance smoothness and coordination, lower jerk values correspond with better smoothness of balance | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| Fine motor function | score on the Purdue pegboard test, maximal amount of (pairs of) pegs placed in 30 seconds (max. 25) | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| presence of paratonia | Paratonia Assessment Instrument, resistance against passive movements of the four limbs is evaluated (Hobbelen 2008) | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| MyotonPRO measurement of muscle tone | MyotonPRO measurement | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| MyotonPRO measurement of elasticity | MyotonPRO measurement | through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| MyotonPRO measurement of mechanical stiffness | MyotonPRO measurement |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vakgroep Revaki - Ghent University | Ghent | 9000 | Belgium |
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cross-sectional
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| balance accelerometry | Other | accelerometric assessment of balance (Dynaport Hybrid) during 10 seconds trial in 3 conditions (side-by-side, semitandem, tandem) |
|
| Fine motor skill test | Other | assessment of fine motor skills with Purdue Pegboard, with dominant hand, non-dominant hand and bimanual |
|
| Paratonia Assessment Instrument (PAI) | Diagnostic Test | diagnosis of paratonia based on passive movement of the four limbs |
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| myotonometric measurement of muscle tone | Other | MyotonPRO measurement of muscle tone |
|
| through study completion, an average of 3 years |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D009127 | Muscle Rigidity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009122 | Muscle Hypertonia |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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