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Uroflowmetry(UF) has been the standard first-line diagnostic tool for the evaluation of pediatric voiding dysfunction. But recently, UF combined with pelvic flow electromyography(EMG) is emphasized and recommended to analyze the separate contributions of the detrusor and bladder outlet and sole UF is discouraged except for the follow-up study after abnormal UF/EMG result(Bauer et al., 2015). However, electrode itself can disturb pelvic floor relaxation and there is no evidence about necessity of consecutive UF/EMG test. Therefore, the investigators are going to compare three different methods (Primary-Secondary: UF/EMG-UF/EMG, UF/EMG-sole UF, sole UF-UF/EMG)
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combining electromygraphy with uroflowmetry | Active Comparator | Children who assigned group A perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography |
|
| Uroflowmetry | Active Comparator | Children who assigned Group B perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first, and subsequently perform uroflowmetry solely. |
|
| Uroflowmetry-Combining electromygraphy with uroflowmetry | Experimental | Children who assigned Group C firstly perform uroflowmetry solely. and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combining electromyography with uroflowmetry (group A) | Biological | Children who assigned group A perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography again. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| maximum flow rate(Qmax=cc/s) | The maximum flow rate is the most important uroflowmetry index to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction or bladder contractility. | One day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Uroflow curve pattern | Uroflow curve pattern: There are 5 uroflow curve patterns, bell-shaped, tower-shaped, interrupted-shaped, staccato-shaped and plateau shaped by uroflowmetry. The shape is determined by detrusor contractility and influenced by abdominal straining, coordination with the bladder outlet musculature and any distal anatomic obstruction. | One day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
1) children aged 5 to 11.9 who visit pediatric urology department for enuresis.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yong Seung Lee, MD | Contact | 82-2-2228-2310 | asforthelord@yuhs.ac |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Urology, | Recruiting | Seoul | 03722 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004775 | Enuresis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014555 | Urination Disorders |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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Children who meet the inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria are assigned to perform one of the three test protocols in order of registration according to a computer gererated randomization list. Children who assigned group A perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography again. Children who assigned Group B perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first, and subsequently perform sole uroflowmetry. Children who assigned Group C firstly perform sole uroflowmetry and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography.
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| Uroflowmetry(Group B) | Biological | Children who assigned Group B perform uroflowmetry-electromyography for the first, and subsequently perform sole uroflowmetry. |
|
| Uroflowmetry-Combining electromyography with uroflowmetry (Group C) | Biological | Children who assigned Group C firstly perform sole uroflowmetry and subsequently perform uroflowmetry-electromyography. |
|
| post void residual | post-void residual(cc): ultrasonographic bladder scan machines calculates bladder volume. PVR measurements in neurologically intact children are highly variable. PVR must be obtained immediately after voiding(<5min) | One day |
| synergy or dyssynergy between the bladder and the pelvic floor. | synergy or dyssynergy between the bladder and the pelvic floor is abstained by combining electromyography with uroflowmetry. | One day |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D019960 | Elimination Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |