Uroflow Measurement With Electromyography (EMG) to Identify Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): Conducted on Healthy Children

Micturition Reeductation in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Uroflow/EMG Measurement in Healthy Children

Nowadays there is a growing interest towards non-invasive assessment of urinary dysfunctions in clinical practice. The tendency to use uroflowmetry as a first-line screening tool is based on the inexpensiveness, time efficiency, comfort of the patient, etc. However, it is stated that uroflowmetry as a stand-alone study lacks the potential to make an accurate diagnosis. In regard to this, the International Continence Society indicated that the addition of pelvic floor electromyography might increase the accuracy of this assessment. Despite this recommendation, uroflowmetry in combination with electromyography has not been conducted in a healthy population.

The initial objective of this study was to examine whether adding electromyography to standard uroflowmetry in a healthy paediatric population would change the representation of parameters, especially of voiding patterns. In addition, the influence of several factors on uroflow parameters was analysed to complement current literature.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Normal development

Exclusion Criteria:

• (Recurrent) urinary tract infections
• LUTS which interfered with daily life
• Fecal incontinence
• History of genitourinary or renal surgery
• Medication for incontinence during the last 3 months
• Pelvic reeducation during the last 6 months
• Neurologic problems influencing continence