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The first goal of the proposed study is to determine acute and long-term effects of mixed nuts (almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and peanuts) on metabolic parameters and weight management. While numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of nuts on promoting negative energy balance and weight loss, mechanistic studies exploring how the inclusion of nuts in the diet promotes a negative energy balance and weight loss have not been conducted. The second goal is to determine the mechanisms by which mixed nut consumption regulates of food intake and body weight.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pretzels | Active Comparator |
| |
| Mixed nuts | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretzels | Other | Subjects consume 240 kcal of pretzels daily for 16 weeks. |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of Satiety | Hunger feeling (appetite) will be examined using visual analog scale (0-10): 0 least and 10 greatest | 0, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post snack consumption |
| Change of glucose level | Glucose level will be examined using glucose analysis | Baseline, 40 minutes post snack consumption, and 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption |
| Change of insulin level | Insulin level will be examined using an ELISA biochemical method | Baseline, 40 minutes post snack consumption, and 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption |
| Change of cholesterol levels | Cholesterol levels will be examined using a biochemical method | 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption |
| Change of Lp(a) | Lp(a) levels will be examined using an ELISA biochemical method | 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change of microbiome | Diversity of microbiome will be analyzed in fecal samples | 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mee Young Hong | Contact | 619-594-2392 | mhong2@mail.sdsu.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, SDSU | Recruiting | San Diego | California | 92182-7251 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37263914 | Derived | Nora CL, Zhang L, Castro RJ, Marx A, Carman HB, Lum T, Tsimikas S, Hong MY. Effects of mixed nut consumption on LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and other cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023 Aug;33(8):1529-1538. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.013. Epub 2023 May 15. | |
| 37083461 |
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| Mixed nuts |
| Other |
Subjects consume 240 kcal of mixed nuts daily for 16 weeks. |
|
| Rosas M Jr, Liu C, Hong MY. Effects of Mixed Nut Consumption on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Satiety, and the Microbiome in a Healthy Population: A Pilot Study. J Med Food. 2023 May;26(5):342-351. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0121. Epub 2023 Apr 20. |