Patients with cardiovascular diseases from Guangdong province will be recruited and followed up for at least 4 years to evaluate the risk factors for cardiovascular-related mortality and disability. Physical examination, questionnaire survey and biological sample collection will be conducted at baseline and the incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality will be investigated during follow-up.

5,000 patients (30-85 years old) with primary hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure or peripheral vascular disease and who have been living in Guangdong province for more than 5 years will be recruited. All participants will be prospectively followed up for the incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Information about socio-demographic, diet, lifestyle, psychological status, medical history and current medication will be collected by questionnaires. Physical examinations including height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, fat mass and vital capacity will be conducted.Besides, blood, urine and fecal samples will be collected for further analysis. The associations between diet and lifestyle and risks for cardiovascular disease will be evaluated.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Cardiovascular disease patients (30-85 years old) who have been living in Guangdong province for more than 5 years.
• Patients have been diagnosed with primary hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure or peripheral vascular disease, etc.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with cardiogenic (acute pericarditis, rheumatic coronary arteritis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, etc.) Or non-cardiogenic chest pain.
• any subject who suffer from malignant tumors, infectious diseases, advanced liver disease, major disability and cannot participate in the study.

Cardiovascular disease patients (30-85 years old) who have been living in Guangdong province for more than 5 years.