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The design of the study is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 80 students with self-reported symptoms of stress/anxiety/depression will be invited to take part in a 3-session course consisting of either attention training or self-compassion/mindfulness based meditation. Attention training involves modifying metacognitive control and enhancing attention flexibility so that people can refrain from responding to intrusions with extended processing. Self-compassion involves not avoiding painful or distressing feelings. Instead these experiences are held in awareness with kindness, understanding, and a sense of shared humanity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Attention training technique | Active Comparator |
| |
| Mindful self-compassion | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention training technique | Behavioral | Attention training involves modifying metacognitive control and enhancing attention flexibility so that people can refrain from responding to intrusions with extended processing. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in symptoms of depression as assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | Assesses symptoms of depression. Total score range from 0 (no depression) to 27 (very depressed). Lower values represent better outcome. Subscale scores are not used. | Baseline, immediately after last session, 6 months after intervention |
| Change in symptoms of anxiety as assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale | Assesses symptoms of anxiety. Total score range from 0 (no depression) to 21 (very depressed). Lower values represent better outcome. Subscale scores are not used. | Baseline, immediately after last session, 6 months after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in self-compassion as assessed by the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form | Assessment of self-compassion. Total score range from 12 (no self-compassion) to 60 (high on self-compassion). Higher values represent better outcome. Subscale scores are not used. | Baseline, immediately after last session, 6 months after intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Magne Flaten, phd | Norwegian University of Science and Technology | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psykologisk Institutt, Dragvoll | Trondheim | 7491 | Norway |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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RCT
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| Mindful self-compassion | Behavioral | Self-compassion involves not avoiding painful or distressing feelings. Instead these experiences are held in awareness with kindness, understanding, and a sense of shared humanity. |
|
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| Changes in the attention flexibility subscale of the Detached Mindfulness Questionnaire |
Assessment of attention flexibility. Total score for attention flexibility range from 5 (no flexibility) to 25 (very flexible). Higher values represent better outcome. No other subscales are used. |
| Baseline, immediately after last session, 6 months after intervention |
| Changes in mindfulness as assessed with The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Assessment of mindfulness. Total score range from 20 (not mindful at all) to 100(very mindful). Higher values represent better outcome. Subscale scores are not analyzed. | Baseline, immediately after last session, 6 months after intervention |