Remifentanil for Preventing Propofol Injection Pain in Elderly Patients

Effect-site Concentration of Remifentanil for Preventing Propofol Injection Pain in Elderly Patients: A Comparison With Adult Patients

Elderly patients show different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables and usually need smaller doses of anesthetic drugs than younger patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal effect-site concentration of remifentanil for preventing injection pain during propofol induction in elderly patients by the Dixon's up-and-down method.

Inclusion Criteria:

• ASA physical status I or II undergoing general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• neurologic disorder
• psychologic disorder
• vascular disorder
• patients with chronic pain
• difficulty in vascular access