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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in postprandial metabolic indices following interesterified fats used commercially versus the corresponding un-interesterified blend.
Aim: The current study aims to investigate the acute effects of commercially relevant interesterified 'hardstock' versus the corresponding un-interesterified blend on 8 h postprandial fat metabolism.
Hypothesis: Interesterification of a palm kernel and palm stearin fat blend, to produce a fat with a higher proportion of palmitic acid in the middle position of the triglyceride (TAG; but the same fatty acid composition), will alter postprandial lipid metabolism.
Subjects: Participants will include 24 healthy male and female (postmenopausal) volunteers aged between the ages of 45 and 75 years (since during this age metabolic changes start to take place).
Power calculation: Based on previous studies carried out by our group at King's College London, a sample size of 10 males and 10 females is required to detect a (clinically relevant) difference (for males and females separately) between means of 0.3 mmol/L maximal difference in 8 h plasma TAG concentration (standard deviation 0.33 mmol/L, significance level (alpha) of 0.05 and 80% power). 12 males and 12 females will be recruited to allow for a 20% drop out rate.
Expected value:The study will provide novel information on the acute effects of commercially relevant processed fats on postprandial lipaemia.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interesterified | Experimental | Interesterified blend of palm kernal and plam stearin. 50g fat. |
|
| Un-interesterified | Active Comparator | Un-interesterified blend of palm kernal and plam stearin. 50g fat. |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | Rapeseed oil. 50g fat. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interesterified blend of palm kernal and plam stearin | Dietary Supplement | 50 g fat provided as interesterified palm kernal and palm sterin blend in a single meal (sub-group, n=12, also have 75 mg 13C labelled tripalmatin and 1.2 g / kg body water deuterated water) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under plasma TAG concentration/ time curve | Postprandial area under plasma TAG concentration/ time curve | Up to 8 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial lipaemic response | Postprandial plamsa total fatty acid composition and non esterifed fatty acid | Up to 8 hours |
| Positional composition retention (chylomicron) | Postprandial chylomicron TAG concentration and composition, TAG sn-2 fatty acid composition, total protein, apoB100 and apoB48 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Isotope lablelled parameters | In sub-group, n=12, postprandial 13C TAG concentration and breath CO2 13C | Up to 8 hours |
| Lipoprotein particle size and number | Lipoprotein size (LDL, VLDL and HDL) and composition (total and small LDL, large VLDL and total and large HDL) measured by NMR |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sarah EE Berry, PhD | King's College London | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King's College London | London | SE1 9NH | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34601896 | Derived | Burnap SA, Sattler K, Pechlaner R, Duregotti E, Lu R, Theofilatos K, Takov K, Heusch G, Tsimikas S, Fernandez-Hernando C, Berry SE, Hall WL, Notdurfter M, Rungger G, Paulweber B, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Levkau B, Mayr M. PCSK9 Activity Is Potentiated Through HDL Binding. Circ Res. 2021 Nov 12;129(11):1039-1053. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319272. Epub 2021 Oct 4. |
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|
| Un-interesterified blend of palm kernal and plam stearin | Dietary Supplement | 50 g fat provided as un-interesterified palm kernal and palm sterin blend in a single meal (sub-group, n=12, also have 75 mg 13C labelled tripalmatin and 1.2 g / kg body water deuterated water) |
|
|
| Rapeseed oil | Dietary Supplement | 50 g fat provided as rapeseed oil in a single meal (sub-group, n=12, also have 75 mg 13C labelled tripalmatin and 1.2 g / kg body water deuterated water) |
|
|
| Up to 6 hours |
| Up to 8 hours |
| 2 and 3 MCPD and glycidyl esters | Postprandial plasma 2 and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol or 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol glycidyl esters | Up to 8 hours |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074262 | Rapeseed Oil |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010938 | Plant Oils |
| D009821 | Oils |
| D008055 | Lipids |
| D028321 | Plant Preparations |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
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