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The aim of the study will investigate whether impairment in the action of insulin to promote the use of glucose in skeletal muscle (insulin resistance) as a result of oral ingestion of a liquid meal rich in saturated fat is linked to reduced ability of muscles to synthesise new protein in response to dietary protein intake, which ultimately may compromise maintenance of muscle size and quality of life and whether partially replacing saturated fat in the liquid meal with omega 3 polyunsaturated FA (n3PUFA) will ameliorate these negative effects.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo Comparator | Chocolate flavoured drink spiked with 15mg/kg [2H31]palmitate (D31palmitate) and singly-labelled water (H218O). 4 hours post test meal a bolus of milk protein (30 g), which has been intrinsically labelled with [13C]phenylalanine, along with 75 g of glucose in 250 ml of water will be given. |
|
| Saturated Fat | Experimental | Chocolate flavoured drink spiked with 15mg/kg [2H31]palmitate (D31palmitate) and singly-labelled water (H218O) containing 0.7 g/kg bodyweight palm stearin. 4 hours post test meal a bolus of milk protein (30 g), which has been intrinsically labelled with [13C]phenylalanine, along with 75 g of glucose in 250 ml of water will be given. |
|
| Fish Oil | Experimental | Chocolate flavoured drink spiked with 15mg/kg [2H31]palmitate (D31palmitate) and singly-labelled water (H218O) containing 0.45 g/kg bodyweight palm stearin and 0.25 g/kg bodyweight fish oil (n3PUFA). 4 hours post test meal a bolus of milk protein (30 g), which has been intrinsically labelled with [13C]phenylalanine, along with 75 g of glucose in 250 ml of water will be given. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturated fat | Dietary Supplement | Palm stearin |
| |
| Placebo |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in muscle protein fractional synthetic rate | Measurement of FSR at baseline and post intervention | 3 hours post protein drink |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| whole body postprandial insulin sensitivity | Glucose and insulin area under the curves (AUC) in response to the milk protein and glucose ingestion will be measured | Baseline and every 15mins for 7 hours |
| Whole body and skeletal muscle fat oxidation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22338035 | Background | Jans A, Konings E, Goossens GH, Bouwman FG, Moors CC, Boekschoten MV, Afman LA, Muller M, Mariman EC, Blaak EE. PUFAs acutely affect triacylglycerol-derived skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and increase postprandial insulin sensitivity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Apr;95(4):825-36. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.028787. Epub 2012 Feb 15. | |
| 21831993 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| D005395 | Fish Oils |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008055 | Lipids |
| D009821 | Oils |
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| Dietary Supplement |
Water |
|
| Fish Oil | Dietary Supplement | Fish Oil, Omega 3 PUFA |
|
D31palmitate plasma enrichment and incorporation into skeletal muscle lipids
| Baseline and every 15mins for 7 hours |
| Newens KJ, Thompson AK, Jackson KG, Wright J, Williams CM. DHA-rich fish oil reverses the detrimental effects of saturated fatty acids on postprandial vascular reactivity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Sep;94(3):742-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009233. Epub 2011 Aug 10. |
| 23454694 | Background | Nowotny B, Zahiragic L, Krog D, Nowotny PJ, Herder C, Carstensen M, Yoshimura T, Szendroedi J, Phielix E, Schadewaldt P, Schloot NC, Shulman GI, Roden M. Mechanisms underlying the onset of oral lipid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes. 2013 Jul;62(7):2240-8. doi: 10.2337/db12-1179. Epub 2013 Mar 1. |
| 35764009 | Derived | Wilhelmsen A, Davies A, Mallinson J, Pabla P, Jones R, Palmer EA, Dunn WB, Moran GW, Stephens FB, Tsintzas K. Acute effects of prior dietary fat ingestion on postprandial metabolic responses to protein and carbohydrate co-ingestion in overweight and obese men: A randomised crossover trial. Clin Nutr. 2022 Aug;41(8):1623-1635. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.022. Epub 2022 Jun 16. |