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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease in the world. It is currently unclear why fat starts to accumulate in the liver, although both the amount and type of food consumed have been implicated. The majority of studies that have investigated the effects of dietary fat or sugar on liver fat have fed volunteers excess calories, which are known to increase liver fat. The effect of specific dietary components, when consumed as part of a diet not containing excess calories, on liver fat accumulation remains unclear.
This research aims to investigate the role excessive consumption of specific macronutrients may play in the development of NAFLD. This will be achieved by subjecting participants to two specific dietary interventions (high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate) in a randomized, crossover research design. Liver fat content, and whole-body and hepatic fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism will be assessed before and after the specific dietary interventions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet | Active Comparator | Dietary intervention: Participants will consume a diet that is rich in saturated fat (20% total energy) and low in free sugars for 4 weeks. This diet will include commonly eaten foods such as butter, cheese, and fatty meat products. Total fat intake in this intervention will be 40-45% total energy. |
|
| Low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet | Active Comparator | Dietary intervention: Participants will consume a diet that is low in saturated fat (~5% total energy) and rich in free sugars (20% total energy).The diet will include commonly eaten food and drink such as sugar sweetened beverages, confectionery (e.g. fruit gums) and table sugar. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-fat, low-carbohydrate | Other | Dietary intervention: 4 week |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in liver fat content | Investigators will measure the change in liver fat content after each of the 4 week intervention diets by magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/S). | Before, and within 7 days after completion of each dietary intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in hepatic fatty acid partitioning | Investigators will utilise stable isotope tracer methodology to measure the contribution of newly synthesised fatty acids and dietary fatty acids to triglyceride production and oxidation pathways in the liver after each of the 4 week intervention diets. | Within 7 days after completion of each dietary intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Leanne Hodson, PhD | University of Oxford | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism | Oxford | OX3 7LE | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32165444 | Derived | Parry SA, Rosqvist F, Mozes FE, Cornfield T, Hutchinson M, Piche ME, Hulsmeier AJ, Hornemann T, Dyson P, Hodson L. Intrahepatic Fat and Postprandial Glycemia Increase After Consumption of a Diet Enriched in Saturated Fat Compared With Free Sugars. Diabetes Care. 2020 May;43(5):1134-1141. doi: 10.2337/dc19-2331. Epub 2020 Mar 12. |
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Following completion of the study, all individual data obtained from participants may potentially be shared with other researchers, both here in the United Kingdom and abroad, in appropriate circumstances. If data is to be shared with other researchers, it will be done so under fully anonymised conditions.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005234 | Fatty Liver |
| D065626 | Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008107 | Liver Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018752 | Diet, Fat-Restricted |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D004032 | Diet |
| D009747 |
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Randomised crossover with washout period.
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PI,and research assistants undertaking measurements will be blinded to the dietary intervention the participant is undertaking.
| Low-fat, high-carbohydrate |
| Other |
Dietary intervention: 4 week |
|
| Change in plasma metabolite concentrations | Circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, and triglycerides will be measured biochemically using a clinical analyser after each of the 4 week intervention diets. | Before, and within 7 days after completion of each dietary intervention. |
| Change in whole-body fatty acid oxidation | Investigators will utilise stable isotope tracer methodology to measure whole-body dietary fatty acid oxidation after each of the 4 week intervention diets. | Within 7 days after completion of each dietary intervention |
| Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |