Charts of 142 patients who underwent standard phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia between March and August 2016 were reviewed. The pain during phacoemulsification and 1 h after surgery was assessed and compared using a visual analog scale.

Patients scheduled for elective phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation with the Infiniti Vision System (Alcon, Fort Worth, USA) were included. All operations were performed in Kyungpook National University Hospital by the same surgeon between March and August 2016.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients underwent phacoemulsification with topical anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who needed general anesthesia or were taking medications capable of affecting perceived pain
• Patients who had traumatic cataract and/or conditions likely to require vitrectomy and trans-scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens

Patients who had senile cataract and needed to receive cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) under topical anesthesia were included.