The degree of perceived pain in the second-eye surgery of cataract patients is significantly higher than that in the first-eye surgery, which can lead to nervous tension during surgery and affect the surgical outcome and satisfaction. Study suggested that in addition to psychological factors, there might be subclinical sympathetic reactions leading to increased pain in the second-eyes, but the objective indicators and clinical relevance are not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of second-eye pain in cataract surgery, and to provide a test index that can effectively predict the degree of intraoperative pain in patients, as an important reference for the development of a suitable time for second eye surgery.

This study is based on clinical case studies, recruiting patients with clinically diagnosed binocular age-related cataract and require binocular surgery, to compare the correlation of intraocular inflammatory factors in the second eye and patients' self-pain scores while both eyes' surgery are completed by the same doctor in the same operating room, and the correlation of the change of inflammatory factors and the time interval between the two eyes surgery, to analyze the second-eye subclinical sympathetic reaction changing with the time interval after the first cataract surgery from the molecular biological results. Using the latest international anterior segment vascularization optical coherence tomography(OCT) scan and optical microvascular imaging(OMAG) analysis technology to quantify iris blood flow, this study analyzes the iris blood flow density, vascular density and other indicators before and after cataract surgery, and carry out its correlation with the degree of intraocular subclinical sympathetic reaction, providing a rapid, non-invasive objective examination index of the second-eye subclinical sympathetic response.

1. Coordination and Quality Control Team: The inspection and audit of this research project will be established mainly by hospital clinical research center staff and assisted by the Ophthalmology Reading Center team;
2. The project team member will accept training before the study begins while unified inspection methods and requirements is established in standard operating procedures.
3. The project team double enter the test data independently and establishes an electronic database.
4. The project team randomly selects the data and repeats the measurements to ensure the accuracy as internal audit regularly.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. diagnosed with binocular age-related cataract.
2. Both eyes require phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.
3. binocular surgery was performed by the same physician in the same operating room, and the anesthesia and surgical procedures were consistent.
4. Patients can fully understand the research purpose, research content, accidents and benefits and risks of the clinical trial, and can make their own decisions on participating or not.

Exclusion Criteria:

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Binocular senile cataract patients with binocular phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation to be performed at the Department of Ophthalmology in Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center or Shanghai General Hospital from August 2018 to August 2020.