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Reducing the glycaemic load (GL) of the diet may benefit appetite control but its utility is complicated by psychological influences on eating. Disinhibited behaviour, a risk factor for overconsumption, is characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex activity, which in turn directly modulates vagal tone; a phenomenon inversely associated with blood glucose (BG) and insulin levels. This double blind randomised controlled trial explores the influence of disinhibited eating and vagal tone (heart rate variability) on the postprandial response to GL and hunger.
There is growing recognition that lowering the glycaemic load of the diet might reduce a range of cardiovascular risk factors such as raised plasma triglycerides, HbA1c and C reactive protein and aid in body weight regulation. A proposed mechanism includes higher satiety and prolonged satiation by virtue of improved postprandial metabolic control, although, whether lower GL meals result in greater weight loss or increased satiety is still a matter of debate. One matter complicating the issue is that the desire to consume food may be driven by psychological factors; food reward centres in the brain may override hormonal regulation of food intake. Amongst psychological factors disinhibition has the largest and most consistent body of empirical data that associates it with weight gain although the mechanisms involved are unknown. This study will investigate whether, irrespective of BMI or habitual diet, disinhibited eaters have greater glycaemic excursions following a high glycaemic load drink and whether this predicts subsequent satiation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75g glucose | Active Comparator | 75g of glucose dissolved in 500ml provided in a clear plastic tumbler. |
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| 75g isomaltulose | Experimental | 75g of isomaltulose dissolved in 500ml provided in a clear plastic tumbler. |
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| Sweetened water | Placebo Comparator | 500ml water sweetened with sucralose provided in a clear plastic tumbler. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isomaltulose | Dietary Supplement | 75g Isomaltulose (low glycaemic load intervention) |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in blood glucose | Blood glucose was monitored from finger pricks using an ExacTech sensor (Medisense Britain Limited) that using an enzymic method, coupled with microelectronic measurement. Change in blood glucose from baseline to after 30 minutes will assess the speed of incline. | From baseline to 30 minutes |
| Change in blood glucose | As above to assess the speed of decline. | from 30 to 150minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hunger | Participants were asked to respond to the question "how hungry are you feeling right now" on a single 100mm visual analogue scale anchored by "Not at all" and "Extremely". | 30, 150 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants were excluded if they
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swansea University | Swansea | West Glamorgan | SA2 8PP | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27761024 | Derived | Young HA, Watkins H. Eating disinhibition and vagal tone moderate the postprandial response to glycemic load: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 20;6:35740. doi: 10.1038/srep35740. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C008189 | isomaltulose |
| D005947 | Glucose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006601 | Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
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| Glucose |
| Dietary Supplement |
75g Glucose (high glycaemic load intervention) |
|
| Sweetened water | Dietary Supplement | Sweetened water will be used as a control |
|