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The primary investigator was transferred to another hospital
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The patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be allocated to 3 groups. Group A and B patients will listen to a positive message under general anesthesia. Group C patients will not listen to the message. The postoperative pain, analgesic consumption and frequency of nausea, vomiting and emergence agitation episodes will be documented and compared between the 3 groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BIS 40-60 | Experimental | Patient with intraoperative Bispectral Index (BIS) 40-60. |
|
| BIS 20-40 | Experimental | Patient with intraoperative Bispectral Index (BIS) 20-40. |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Placebo group |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative positive messages | Behavioral | The message "You are in the operating room. Everything is going very well. When you wake up you will be very calm, you will not feel pain and you will not have nausea" will be played in greek language by headphones to the patient when the Bispectral Index (BIS) is 40-60. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity. | The patients will be asked to evaluate their postoperative pain by using the 11grade Numerical Rating Scale (0 no pain, 10 maximum possible pain). Pain will be evaluated in supine position, after cough and after change of position from supine to standing. | Within an average of 15 minutes after emergence from general anesthesia. |
| Postoperative paracetamol consumption. | The patients will be instructed to ask for analgesics as needed. When rescue analgesia is required 1000mg paracetamol will be administered. The frequency of paracetamol administration will be documented. | 24 hours after emergence from general anesthesia. |
| Postoperative tramadol consumption. | If the administration of paracetamol doesn't relieve postoperative pain and the patients continues to ask for analgesia, 100mg tramadol will be administered. The frequency of tramadol administration will be documented. | 24 hours after emergence from general anesthesia. |
| Emergence agitation (yes/no). | The patients' mental status will be evaluated with the 7grade Riker's Agitation-Sedation Scale. If the patient has a score of 5 or greater he will be documented as a case of emergence agitation. | Within an average of 10 minutes after emergence from general anesthesia. |
| Postoperative nausea. | The frequency of episodes of nausea will be documented. | 24 hours after emergence from general anesthesia. |
| Postoperative vomiting. | The frequency of episodes of vomiting will be documented. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Explicit memory. | The patient will be asked to answer the modified Brice questionnaire in order to investigate for explicit memory of the intraoperative message or other events. | 24 hours after emergence from general anesthesia. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Georgios Kotsovolis, Dr | 424 Army General Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 424 Army General Hospital Department of Anesthesia | Thessaloniki | 56429 | Greece |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23253486 | Background | Abdeshahi SK, Hashemipour MA, Mesgarzadeh V, Shahidi Payam A, Halaj Monfared A. Effect of hypnosis on induction of local anaesthesia, pain perception, control of haemorrhage and anxiety during extraction of third molars: a case-control study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013 Jun;41(4):310-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Dec 14. | |
| 19858871 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| D020250 | Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting |
| D000071257 | Emergence Delirium |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C093953 | NMT1 protein, S pombe |
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|
| Intraoperative positive messages | Behavioral | The message "You are in the operating room. Everything is going very well. When you wake up you will be very calm, you will not feel pain and you will not have nausea" will be played in greek language by headphones to the patient when the Bispectral Index (BIS) is 20-40. |
|
| No message | Behavioral | The headphones will be placed on patient's ears but no message will be played. |
|
| 24 hours after emergence from general anesthesia. |
| Pain Intensity. | The patients will be asked to evaluate their postoperative pain by using the 11 grade Numerical Rating Scale (0 no pain, 10 maximum possible pain). Pain will be evaluated in supine position, after cough and after change of position from supine to standing. | 1 hour after the end of surgery. |
| Pain Intensity. | Numerical Rating Scale (0 no pain, 10 maximum possible pain). Pain will be evaluated in supine position, after cough and after change of position from supine to standing. | 6 hours after the end of surgery. |
| Pain Intensity. | Numerical Rating Scale (0 no pain, 10 maximum possible pain). Pain will be evaluated in supine position, after cough and after change of position from supine to standing. | 12 hours after the end of surgery. |
| Pain Intensity. | Numerical Rating Scale (0 no pain, 10 maximum possible pain). Pain will be evaluated in supine position, after cough and after change of position from supine to standing. | 24 hours after the end of surgery. |
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| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D009325 | Nausea |
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D014839 | Vomiting |
| D003693 | Delirium |
| D003221 | Confusion |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |