Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia Following Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

this study compares the use of intrathecal morphine, to multimodal analgesic techniques for postoperative pain management following laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) II-III patients.
• Aged 30-50 years.
• The body mass index (BMI) of the patients needed to be over 40 kg/m² or over 35 kg/m² with at least one comorbidity.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a known allergy to the study drugs.
• Advanced cardiac, respiratory, renal or hepatic disease.
• Coagulation disorders.
• Infection at or near the site of intrathecal injection.
• Drug or alcohol abuse.
• Psychiatric illnesses that may interfere with perception and assessment of pain.