100 patients aged 21-40 years old, diagnosed as primary or secondary infertility These patients are then assigned to receive ICSI treatment (ovulation induction, . They undergo a 3D vaginal ultrasound before treatment to measure the junctional zone thickness and followed up after treatment to determine the rate of implantation.

Intervention(s) All patients will undergo 3D ultrasound to measure the thickness of the junctional zone at day 21 of the cycle.

100 patients aged 21-40 years old, diagnosed as primary or secondary infertility due to the following causes of infertility; ( Pelvic Inflammatory disease, dysovulation , tubal infertility, unexplained infertility, combined infertility or due to male factor ). These patients are then assigned to receive fertility treatment (ICSI) They undergo a 3D vaginal ultrasound before treatment to measure the junctional zone thickness and followed up after treatment to determine the rate of implantation.

Intervention(s) All patients will undergo 3D ultrasound to measure the thickness of the junctional zone at day 21 of the cycle.

Inclusion Criteria:

• A normal transvaginal ultrasound is defined as having no visible intracavitary pathology (e.g. submucous myomas, polyps or septa) and was be performed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Intramural myomas without impression or deformation of the uterine cavity were incorporated in the definition of a normal ultrasound

Exclusion Criteria:

• Exclusion criteria included Females aged above 40 years old , patients with endometriosis, abnormal endocrine functions as Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and adrenal abnormalities ,general diseases, those with ovarian cysts or have azospermic partners

women with primary or secondary infertility and were scheduled for a first IVF/ICSI treatment cycle due to Pelvic Inflammatory disease, ovulatory dysfunction, tubal infertility, unexplained infertility , combined infertility with normal transvaginal ultrasound.