100 patients aged 21-40 years old, diagnosed as primary or secondary infertility . These patients are then assigned to receive fertility treatment (ovulation induction, ICSI, intrauterine insemination and IVF). They undergo a 3D vaginal ultrasound before treatment to measure the junctional zone thickness and followed up after treatment to determine the rate of implantation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• infertile women

Exclusion Criteria:

• congenital uterine anomalies medical disease contraindicating pregnancy

100 patients aged 21-40 years old, diagnosed as primary or secondary infertility due to the following causes of infertility; ( Pelvic Inflammatory disease, dysovulation , tubal infertility, unexplained infertility, combined infertility or due to male factor ).