Effects of Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, Blood Sugar, and Cholesterol

Relative Effects of Chronic Consumption of Egg Protein at Breakfast With and Without Fiber on Brain Neural Activation, Appetite, Glycemic and Lipemic Control and Self-selected Energy Intake

The objectives of the research are to assess the effects of increased protein and fiber intake at breakfast on neural activation in brain regions associated with appetitive drive and reward-driven eating, measures of subjective appetite, and ingestive behavior in overweight adults. Additional outcomes of interest include the effects of the breakfast intervention on blood sugar and cholesterol profiles.

The objectives of the research are to assess the effects of increased protein and fiber intake at breakfast on neural activation in brain regions associated with appetitive drive and reward-driven eating, measures of subjective appetite, and ingestive behavior in overweight adults. Additional outcomes of interest include the effects of the breakfast intervention on 24-hour glucose profile as well as fasting and postprandial glycemic and lipemic regulation. The investigators will test the effects of consuming breakfasts with normal protein/normal fiber (NPNF), normal protein/high fiber (NPHF), high protein/normal fiber (HPNF), and high protein/high fiber (HPHF) for two weeks in a randomized cross-over study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• male or female
• age 21 - 45 years
• BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Irregular menstrual cycles
• current smoker
• medications or supplements that affect appetite
• pregnant or lactating
• not weight stable
• acutely ill
• diabetic
• claustrophobic
• any implantation unsafe in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment