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This study examined the effects of 8 months of Yoga training on bone density and bone turnover markers in premenopausal women, ages 35-50 years. The style of Yoga used was power Yoga that involved postures with a jumping component. The investigators hypothesized that the Yoga intervention would result in beneficial improvements in bone turnover markers, by increasing the bone formation marker and decreasing the bone resorption marker.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga group | Experimental | 8 months of progressive Yoga training |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | No training, just pre and post testing |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga Group | Other | 8 months of Yoga training |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in bone mineral density from baseline to 8 months | pre and post 8 months training | |
| change in bone turnover markers | pre and post 8 month intervention | |
| change in tibia bone characteristics | changes in volumetric bone mineral density and bone strength of the non-dominant tibia assessed by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) | pre and post 8 month intervention |
| Changes in muscular strength | Isotonic 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for 4 lower body and 2 upper body resistance exercises | pre and post 9 month intervention |
| Change in arterial compliance | Arterial compliance of the large and small arteries was assessed using Pulse Contour analysis. | pre and post 8 month interventon |
| Change in Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I) and Insulin-like Growth Factor BP3 (IGFBP3) | pre and post 8 month intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Daily Calcium intake | Calcium intake is a potential confounding variable. Participants were encouraged to increase their calcium intakes if found to be low before the intervention began. | pre and post 8 month intervention |
| Menstrual History |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Debra A Bemben, PhD | Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma | Norman | Oklahoma | 73019 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19891384 | Background | Phoosuwan M, Kritpet T, Yuktanandana P. The effects of weight bearing yoga training on the bone resorption markers of the postmenopausal women. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009 Sep;92 Suppl5:S102-8. | |
| 15129394 | Background | Chan K, Qin L, Lau M, Woo J, Au S, Choy W, Lee K, Lee S. A randomized, prospective study of the effects of Tai Chi Chun exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 May;85(5):717-22. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.091. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010024 | Osteoporosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001851 | Bone Diseases, Metabolic |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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This information was used to monitor menstrual characteristics to ensure they were still premenopausal at the post test.
| pre and post 8 month intervention |
| Dietary intake | Three day dietary logs were recorded by participants before the exercise intervention. They were analyzed for caloric intake and nutrient composition using the Diet Analysis Plus 9 software. | At baseline at the same time as other outcomes, about 2 weeks before the beginning of the yoga training |
| Change in physical activity levels | Physical activity levels estimated by the bone-specific physical activity (PA) questionnaire to monitor their PA outside of the intervention | pre and post 8 month intervention |
| Change in body composition | pre and post 8 month intervention |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |