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This study aims to evaluate the effects of enterolignanas of flaxseed on nutritional and inflammatory indicators in male workers of a food industry.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | No Intervention | In the group with 11 volunteers, the control group did no change in normal food intake. | |
| Flaxseed group | Experimental | In this group with 14 volunteers, they received 50% carbohydrate, 31% fat, 19% protein and 60 g of flaxseed powder / day during the period of study. |
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| Rice and low carb group | Experimental | In this group with 13 volunteers, they received 35% carbohydrate, 46% fat, 19% protein and 60g of raw rice powder / day during the period of study. |
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| Flaxssed and low carb group | Experimental | In this group with 14 volunteers, they received 32% carbohydrate, 47% fat, 21% protein and 60 g of flaxseed powder / day during the period of study. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flaxseed or rice raw powder ingestion | Other | The experimental groups received isocaloric diets and different proportions of carbohydrates, and the introduction of 60g of brown flaxseed or rice raw powder. Flaxseed and raw rice were crushed weekly by minimal particle type mill and appropriate sieves for fine grinding grain with a degree to 250 mm/micrometers. After crushing flaxseed and raw rice, they were weighed in semi-analytical balance. The addition of flaxseed or raw rice powder was made in the collation (40 g added to milk) and lunch (20 g added to baked beans). The volunteers received flaxseed or rice raw powder, portioned to be used for 42 days, including the weekends. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory markers and hormones blood levels | For detection of insulin by chemiluminescence, we used the IMMULITE 1000® SYSTEMS - SIEMENS MEDICAL SOLUTIONS DIAGNOSTICS (SIEMENS) (Los Angeles, USA). The determination of ultra-sensitive CRP (C-reactive protein) by immunoturbidimetric assay was performed with the COBAS® MIRAPLUS - ROCHE (USA). The Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), leptin, and adiponectin were measured by enzyme immunoassay method, using kits of LINCOPLEX-LUMINEX®, manufactured by Millipore Corporation (USA). Determination of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2a (serum isoprostane) was performed by enzyme immunoassay with ASSAYS® DESIGNS kit, Inco, USA. | After 12-hour fast, in the first and 42th day of intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood lipid profile | The determination of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), triglyceride, glucose and uric acid was performed by enzymatic method, with HITACHI® 912 - ROCHE (Japan). The reagent used for measurement of total cholesterol and triglyceride was CHOD-PAP, ROCHE (Japan); for HDL-c: Bioclin K071 (Japan); for glucose: GOD-PAD (Roche) (Japan); and for uric acid was Uric Acid Plus (URICASE) (Japan). To determine the values of low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) the Friedewald Formula was used. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
- Female gender
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julio S Marchini, PhD | Ribeirão Preto Medical School. São Paulo University (USP) | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Hospital of Ribeirao Preto | Ribeirão Preto | São Paulo | 14049-900 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18495270 | Background | Sugiura K, Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H, Otsuka R, Wada K, Matsushita K, Kondo T, Hotta Y, Mitsuhashi H, Murohara T, Toyoshima H. Contribution of adipocytokines to low-grade inflammatory state as expressed by circulating C-reactive protein in Japanese men: comparison of leptin and adiponectin. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Nov 12;130(2):159-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.01.006. Epub 2008 May 20. | |
| 18460483 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D024821 | Metabolic Syndrome |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008043 | Linseed Oil |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005224 | Fats, Unsaturated |
| D005223 | Fats |
| D008055 | Lipids |
| D010938 | Plant Oils |
| D009821 |
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|
| After 12-hour fast, in the first and 42th day of intervention |
| Background |
| Bloedon LT, Balikai S, Chittams J, Cunnane SC, Berlin JA, Rader DJ, Szapary PO. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Feb;27(1):65-74. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719676. |
| 18252024 | Background | Fukumitsu S, Aida K, Ueno N, Ozawa S, Takahashi Y, Kobori M. Flaxseed lignan attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation and induces adiponectin expression in mice. Br J Nutr. 2008 Sep;100(3):669-76. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508911570. Epub 2008 Feb 6. |
| 18502107 | Background | Hallund J, Tetens I, Bugel S, Tholstrup T, Bruun JM. The effect of a lignan complex isolated from flaxseed on inflammation markers in healthy postmenopausal women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 Sep;18(7):497-502. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.05.007. Epub 2008 May 23. |
| 18775100 | Background | Pan A, Demark-Wahnefried W, Ye X, Yu Z, Li H, Qi Q, Sun J, Chen Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Lin X. Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement on C-reactive protein, IL-6 and retinol-binding protein 4 in type 2 diabetic patients. Br J Nutr. 2009 Apr;101(8):1145-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508061527. |
| 15777541 | Background | Prasad K. Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of flax lignan complex isolated from flaxseed. Atherosclerosis. 2005 Apr;179(2):269-75. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.012. Epub 2005 Jan 26. |
| 11849672 | Background | Vanharanta M, Voutilainen S, Nurmi T, Kaikkonen J, Roberts LJ, Morrow JD, Adlercreutz H, Salonen JT. Association between low serum enterolactone and increased plasma F2-isoprostanes, a measure of lipid peroxidation. Atherosclerosis. 2002 Feb;160(2):465-9. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00603-7. |
| 21791166 | Background | Prim CR, Baroncini LA, Precoma LB, Caron PH, Winter G, Poletti MO, Precoma DB. Effects of linseed consumption for a short period of time on lipid profile and atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet. Br J Nutr. 2012 Mar;107(5):660-4. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003539. Epub 2011 Jul 27. |
| 25577201 | Derived | Cassani RS, Fassini PG, Silvah JH, Lima CM, Marchini JS. Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study. Nutr J. 2015 Jan 10;14:5. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-5. |
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| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| Oils |
| D028321 | Plant Preparations |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |